{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have identified a long noncoding RNA, GAS6‐AS2 (also referred to here as GAS6-DT), that is highly expressed in various cancers and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. In bladder cancer, GAS6‐AS2 is markedly up‐regulated compared to normal tissues; its elevated levels correlate with advanced tumor stage and unfavorable prognosis. Functionally, GAS6‐AS2 promotes cell proliferation and metastasis; mechanistic investigations revealed that it induces a G1 phase arrest alteration and enhances metastatic ability by acting as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that directly sponges miR‑298, thereby modulating the expression of CDK9."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "Vivarium‐based and in vitro studies in breast cancer further underscore the oncogenic potential of GAS6‐AS2. In breast cancer cells, elevated GAS6‐AS2 expression was found to associate with larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and more advanced TNM stage, corresponding to a shorter overall survival. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that GAS6‐AS2 functions as a ceRNA for miR‑493, effectively relieving the repression of fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) and thereby maintaining a cellular environment conducive to enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "Collectively, these findings reveal that GAS6‐AS2 (GAS6-DT) functions as an oncogenic regulator by acting as a molecular sponge for distinct microRNAs in different cancer types, leading to the upregulation of key targets such as CDK9 in bladder cancer and FUT4 in breast cancer. These insights not only highlight its central role in tumor growth and metastasis but also pinpoint GAS6‐AS2 as a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in malignancies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xin Rui, Li Wang, Huafeng Pan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA GAS6-AS2 promotes bladder cancer proliferation and metastasis via GAS6-AS2/miR-298/CDK9 axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Mol Med (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/jcmm.13986"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.13986"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30394665"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30394665"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wanfeng Li, Xintian Jin, Yueming Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long noncoding RNA GAS6-AS2 sponges microRNA-493, thereby enhancing the malignant characteristics of breast cancer cells via upregulation of FUT4."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pathol Res Pract (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.prp.2019.152772"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2019.152772"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31839366"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31839366"}]}]}]}