GSTM3 Gene

HGNC Family	Glutathione S-transferases (GST)
Name	glutathione S-transferase mu 3 (brain)
Description	Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase that belongs to the mu class. The mu class of enzymes functions in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3 and are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of certain drugs. Mutations of this class mu gene have been linked with a slight increase in a number of cancers, likely due to exposure with environmental toxins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2008]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Glutathione S‐transferase mu 3 (GSTM3) is a phase II detoxification enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of reduced glutathione to electrophilic compounds and thereby contributes to cellular defense against a variety of xenobiotics and endogenous reactive metabolites. Studies have shown that GSTM3, although often a minor component relative to other GST family members in certain tissues such as the gastrointestinal tract, is expressed in diverse organs including brain microvessels where it forms part of the cellular apparatus engaged in protecting against oxidative stress and chemical insult."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the liver, GSTM3 expression is modulated by xenobiotic-sensing transcription factors—such as Nrf2, CAR, and PXR—highlighting its role in the metabolism and elimination of various toxins."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Genetic polymorphisms in GSTM3 (including allelic variants such as the GSTM3*B allele, intron 6 variants, and specific genotype configurations) have been associated with altered susceptibility to a range of cancers (including breast, colorectal, lung, prostate and oral cancers) and have been shown to influence clinical outcomes in terms of chemotherapy toxicity (for instance, modulating risks of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and other side effects)."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, increased GSTM3 expression has been linked to tumor progression—as evidenced by higher levels in colon tumors with regional lymph node metastasis—further suggesting that both its activity and expression levels may be critical determinants of disease outcome."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of environmental exposures, GSTM3 variants have also been implicated in modulating immunological responses, such as in occupational asthma caused by diisocyanates, thereby underlining its diverse roles in protection from both chemical and immunological stressors."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these findings underscore the functional importance of GSTM3 in cellular detoxification, its regulation by key transcriptional networks governing xenobiotic metabolism, and its contribution—via genetic variability—to individual differences in disease susceptibility and drug responses.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ramzi Shawahna, Yasuo Uchida, Xavier Declèves, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transcriptomic and quantitative proteomic analysis of transporters and drug metabolizing enzymes in freshly isolated human brain microvessels."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Pharm (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1021/mp200129p"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/mp200129p"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21707071"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21707071"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Brian F Coles, Guanping Chen, Fred F Kadlubar, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Interindividual variation and organ-specific patterns of glutathione S-transferase alpha, mu, and pi expression in gastrointestinal tract mucosa of normal individuals."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arch Biochem Biophys (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00226-6"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9861(02"}, {"type": "t", "text": "00226-6) PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12139976"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12139976"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lauren M Aleksunes, Curtis D Klaassen "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Coordinated regulation of hepatic phase I and II drug-metabolizing genes and transporters using AhR-, CAR-, PXR-, PPARα-, and Nrf2-null mice."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Drug Metab Dispos (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1124/dmd.112.045112"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.112.045112"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22496397"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22496397"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "K Mitrunen, N Jourenkova, V Kataja, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Glutathione S-transferase M1, M3, P1, and T1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to breast cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11303592"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11303592"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A V Khrunin, A Moisseev, V Gorbunova, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genetic polymorphisms and the efficacy and toxicity of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pharmacogenomics J (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/tpj.2009.45"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/tpj.2009.45"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19786980"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19786980"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "U Peters, S Preisler-Adams, A Hebeisen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Glutathione S-transferase genetic polymorphisms and individual sensitivity to the ototoxic effect of cisplatin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anticancer Drugs (2000)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/00001813-200009000-00007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00001813-200009000-00007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11081456"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11081456"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A Loktionov, M A Watson, M Gunter, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Glutathione-S-transferase gene polymorphisms in colorectal cancer patients: interaction between GSTM1 and GSTM3 allele variants as a risk-modulating factor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carcinogenesis (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/carcin/22.7.1053"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/22.7.1053"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11408349"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11408349"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A Risch, H Wikman, S Thiel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Glutathione-S-transferase M1, M3, T1 and P1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to non-small-cell lung cancer subtypes and hamartomas."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pharmacogenetics (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/00008571-200112000-00003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00008571-200112000-00003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11740339"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11740339"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rui Medeiros, André Vasconcelos, Sandra Costa, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Metabolic susceptibility genes and prostate cancer risk in a southern European population: the role of glutathione S-transferases GSTM1, GSTM3, and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Prostate (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/pros.10348"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.10348"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14968442"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14968442"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mette Sørensen, Herman Autrup, Anne Tjønneland, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Glutathione S-transferase T1 null-genotype is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.20075"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.20075"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15069685"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15069685"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nilabja Sikdar, Ranjan Rashmi Paul, Bidyut Roy "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Glutathione S-transferase M3 (A/A) genotype as a risk factor for oral cancer and leukoplakia among Indian tobacco smokers."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.11610"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.11610"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "14735473"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14735473"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stephan Meding, Benjamin Balluff, Mareike Elsner, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tissue-based proteomics reveals FXYD3, S100A11 and GSTM3 as novel markers for regional lymph node metastasis in colon cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Pathol (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/path.4021"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4021"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22430872"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22430872"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "P Piirilä, H Wikman, R Luukkonen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Glutathione S-transferase genotypes and allergic responses to diisocyanate exposure."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pharmacogenetics (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/00008571-200107000-00007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00008571-200107000-00007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11470996"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11470996"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	GTM3, GSTB, GSTM3-3, GST5
Proteins	GSTM3_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	2947
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

GSTM3 has 10,238 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 129 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for GSTM3 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

GSTM3 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GSTM3 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GSTM3 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles	tissue samples with high or low expression of GSTM3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of GSTM3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of GSTM3 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of GSTM3 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GSTM3 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of GSTM3 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GSTM3 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of GSTM3 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with GSTM3 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with GSTM3 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GSTM3 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GSTM3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of GSTM3 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies	assemblies containing GSTM3 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of GSTM3 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing GSTM3 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing GSTM3 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing GSTM3 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing GSTM3 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with GSTM3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with GSTM3 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of GSTM3 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with GSTM3 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with GSTM3 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GSTM3 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by GSTM3 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with GSTM3 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with GSTM3 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with GSTM3 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GSTM3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with GSTM3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for GSTM3 protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at GSTM3 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of GSTM3 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of GSTM3 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing GSTM3 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GSTM3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with GSTM3 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.