{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n H2A.B.3 is a specialized histone variant that contributes to a more “open” and dynamic chromatin architecture, particularly in the context of transcription and RNA processing during spermatogenesis. In the mouse testis, H2A.B.3 is highly expressed in haploid round spermatids where its incorporation into nucleosomes results in less stable, more rapidly exchanging particles. This relaxed nucleosome structure favors the establishment of active chromatin domains by facilitating the direct interaction of RNA polymerase II and splicing factors with chromatin, thereby promoting efficient transcription and proper pre‐mRNA processing. Consistent with these functions, loss of H2A.B.3 leads to mislocalization of transcription machinery, altered splicing patterns, and defects in sperm morphology that manifest as subfertility. Moreover, studies on closely related variants have demonstrated that such H2A family members confer increased nucleosome flexibility and enhanced chromatin remodeling properties, which are critical for establishing a transcriptionally competent environment."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nur Diana Anuar, Sebastian Kurscheid, Matt Field, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gene editing of the multi-copy H2A.B gene and its importance for fertility."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome Biol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s13059-019-1633-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-019-1633-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30704500"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30704500"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "B P Chadwick, H F Willard "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A novel chromatin protein, distantly related to histone H2A, is largely excluded from the inactive X chromosome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biol (2001)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1083/jcb.152.2.375"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.152.2.375"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "11266453"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11266453"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takahiro Goshima, Midori Shimada, Jafar Sharif, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mammal-specific H2A variant, H2ABbd, is involved in apoptotic induction via activation of NF-κB signaling pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M113.541664"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.541664"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24584930"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24584930"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Thierry Gautier, D Wade Abbott, Annie Molla, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Histone variant H2ABbd confers lower stability to the nucleosome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "EMBO Rep (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.embor.7400182"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400182"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15192699"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15192699"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mitsuru Okuwaki, Kohsuke Kato, Hideto Shimahara, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Assembly and disassembly of nucleosome core particles containing histone variants by human nucleosome assembly protein I."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Cell Biol (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/MCB.25.23.10639-10651.2005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.25.23.10639-10651.2005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16287874"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16287874"}]}]}]}