{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Histone proteins of the H2B family, including members analogous to H2BC14, are core components of nucleosomes that organize and compact genomic DNA while simultaneously regulating gene transcription, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. Several of the studies summarized here have detected aberrant expression of H2B family members (for example, altered expression of HIST1H2BM) during early stages of cancer development and in response to cellular stress. Such changes in histone expression are indicative of broader epigenetic re‐programming events that can lead to altered chromatin structure and dysregulated gene expression patterns. In breast cancer models, for example, the dysregulation of a H2B variant was found as early as the pre‐neoplastic stage, suggesting that changes in chromatin composition may serve as early biomarkers and might contribute to the metabolic and transcriptional shifts that underlie tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, differential abundance of H2B proteins in exosome analyses and in studies of esophageal and liver pathologies point to their involvement in cellular responses to injury, stress, and altered metabolic states."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "2", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In an immunomodulatory context, changes in H2B expression have also been linked to modulation of inflammatory responses, as evidenced by studies in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Together, these findings underscore the multifaceted role of H2B family proteins like H2BC14 in maintaining chromatin integrity and regulating key cellular processes, with their dysregulation contributing to disease development and progression.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lee Yee Choong, Simin Lim, Poh Kuan Chong, et al. 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