{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n HAGLR (also known as HOXD‐AS1) has emerged as a multifunctional long noncoding RNA implicated in a variety of pathological processes. In several cancer types, HAGLR exerts oncogenic functions by acting as a competing endogenous RNA that “sponges” tumor‐suppressive microRNAs, thereby de‐repressing targets involved in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. For instance, in esophageal cancer HAGLR was found to promote cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through sequestering miR‑143‑5p to consequently upregulate LAMP3."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In non‐small cell lung cancer, elevated HAGLR levels were associated with enhanced fatty acid synthase expression and poorer clinical parameters, with silencing of HAGLR resulting in inhibition of cell growth and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Conversely, in lung adenocarcinoma, reduced HAGLR expression was observed and correlated with shorter patient survival; mechanistic studies indicated that HAGLR can act in a tumor‐suppressive manner by recruiting DNMT1 to the E2F1 promoter and modulating DNA methylation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Beyond the context of cancer, HAGLR plays a role in bone biology—its expression in osteoblasts supports cell viability and migration via a miR‑19a‑3p/TGFBR2 regulatory axis, thereby contributing to the healing process of femoral neck fractures."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In breast cancer cell models, nuclear HAGLR is negatively regulated by miR‑7704, and this interplay appears to influence tumor cell phenotypes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, in hepatocellular carcinoma HAGLR is upregulated and promotes proliferation and metastasis by sequestering miR‑6785‑5p"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while in thyroid cancer its expression is enhanced in an m6A‐dependent manner through regulation by IGF2BP2, further contributing to malignant progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, in dermatomyositis, elevated levels of HAGLR have been correlated with disease activity and are proposed to affect the differentiation of regulatory T cells via modulation of RUNX3‐mediated Foxp3 transcription."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chengliang Yang, Sining Shen, Xiaoli Zheng, et al. 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