{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n HAGLROS is an oncogenic long noncoding RNA that is aberrantly upregulated in a wide range of human malignancies—including hepatocellular carcinoma, non‐small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, triple‐negative breast cancer, osteosarcoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, and esophageal cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n Its overexpression is consistently correlated with advanced tumor stage, lymphatic or distant metastasis, and poorer overall survival, underscoring its value as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Mechanistically, HAGLROS functions as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging multiple tumor‐suppressive microRNAs—such as miR‑100, miR‑152, miR‑26b‑5p, miR‑5095, and miR‑330‑5p—which leads to the derepression of key oncogenic effectors (for example, mTOR, ZNRF2, ATG12, PAX5, SMARCA5, and ROCK1) and consequent activation of pivotal signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Erk1/2, and JNK."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "9", "end_ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n These molecular events contribute to enhanced tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, in specific cancer types such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gastric cancer, HAGLROS has been implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism and autophagic processes via modulation of mTOR signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "13", "end_ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Further supporting its oncogenic role, studies in osteosarcoma, non‐small cell lung cancer, and esophageal cancer demonstrate that HAGLROS promotes malignant phenotypes by modulating microRNA networks and their downstream targets, resulting in increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "16", "end_ref": "19"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n In colorectal cancer and other malignancies, HAGLROS additionally contributes to chemoresistance by regulating autophagy‐associated pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "20"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, HAGLROS acts as a crucial mediator of tumor progression through its ability to modulate key oncogenic signaling cascades and cellular processes, highlighting its promise as a therapeutic target and biomarker in multiple cancer types.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Soon Sun Kim, Geum Ok Baek, Hye Ri Ahn, et al. 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