{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n HIF1A‐AS1 is a multifunctional long non‐coding RNA whose aberrant expression has been implicated in a variety of human diseases. In several cancers, including non‐small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer, elevated HIF1A‐AS1 levels have been shown to serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and to promote tumor progression by modulating responses such as autophagy, apoptosis and chemoresistance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In the cardiovascular system, HIF1A‐AS1 plays context‐dependent roles. Elevated levels in vascular smooth muscle cells are associated with increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm through mechanisms involving microRNA and apoptotic factor regulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, in human vascular endothelial cells, inhibition of HIF1A‐AS1—such as by treatment with clopidogrel—can protect against palmitic acid–induced apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond its roles in cancer and vascular pathology, HIF1A‐AS1 is also involved in other biological processes. In hepatic stellate cells, for example, HIF1A‐AS1 expression is regulated by TET3 and its silencing enhances cell proliferation while reducing apoptosis, thereby impacting liver fibrosis progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In bone biology, HIF1A‐AS1 participates in osteoblast differentiation and in the osteogenic processes of periodontal ligament cells, interacting with other antisense transcripts and transcription factors to influence differentiation outcomes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Furthermore, elevated HIF1A‐AS1 expression has been observed in fibrotic and inflammatory conditions such as oral submucous fibrosis, where it is induced by arecoline and promotes myofibroblast activation, and in viral myocarditis, where it exacerbates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inflammation via NF‑κB signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Additionally, exosomal HIF1A‐AS1 in plasma shows promise as a noninvasive biomarker for atherosclerosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies highlight that HIF1A‐AS1 exerts diverse regulatory functions by modulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy and differentiation in a tissue‐ and context‐dependent manner. Its dysregulation contributes to the initiation and progression of cancer, vascular, fibrotic and inflammatory diseases, making it a promising target for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "–."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jicheng Tantai, Dingzhong Hu, Yu Yang, et al. 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