{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n HMMR antisense RNA 1 (HMMR-AS1) is a long noncoding RNA that is aberrantly overexpressed in several cancer types, where it functions predominantly as an oncogenic regulator. In glioblastoma, HMMR-AS1 is highly expressed and promotes tumor progression by stabilizing HMMR mRNA, which in turn enhances cell migration, invasion, mesenchymal characteristics, and overall tumor growth; its silencing not only reduces HMMR levels but also increases radiosensitivity by downregulating key DNA repair proteins."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In basal‐like breast cancer, HMMR-AS1 expression is positively correlated with HMMR, and its knockdown markedly suppresses cell proliferation and migration."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In lung adenocarcinoma, HMMR-AS1 is significantly upregulated and acts as a competing endogenous RNA by sequestering miR-138, thereby promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, which is associated with advanced tumor features and poor patient survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In hepatocellular carcinoma, HMMR-AS1 is induced under hypoxic conditions through HIF-1α, leading to its enrichment in exosomes; here, it promotes tumor progression by binding to miR-147a, stabilizing ARID3A, and facilitating M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, in HBV-associated HCC, a HMMR-AS1/miR-627-3p/HMGA2 signaling axis has been identified."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, in epithelial ovarian cancer, elevated HMMR-AS1 expression correlates with advanced disease stage, lymphatic metastasis, and reduced overall and progression-free survival, underscoring its potential as a prognostic biomarker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Junyang Li, Xiangjun Ji, Handong Wang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Targeting Long Noncoding RNA HMMR-AS1 Suppresses and Radiosensitizes Glioblastoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neoplasia (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neo.2018.02.010"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neo.2018.02.010"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29574252"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29574252"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xi'an Bao, Yibo Peng, Jun Shen, et al. 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