| HGNC Family | Non-coding RNAs |
| Name | HOX transcript antisense RNA |
| Description | This gene is located within the Homeobox C (HOXC) gene cluster on chromosome 12 and is co-expressed with the HOXC genes. It functions through an RNA product, which binds lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and serves as a scaffold to assemble these regulators at the HOXD gene cluster, thereby promoting epigenetic repression of HOXD. This gene is highly expressed in multiple tumors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2019] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n HOTAIR is an oncogenic long non‐coding RNA that plays a multifaceted role in cancer progression by reprogramming the epigenome, modulating gene expression, and affecting protein stability. In breast, colorectal, and other cancers, HOTAIR is frequently overexpressed and its elevated levels correlate with increased invasiveness, metastasis, and poor patient outcomes ."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Mechanistically, HOTAIR functions as a modular scaffold that simultaneously binds distinct chromatin‐modifying complexes; its 5′ domain associates with Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) while its 3′ domain interacts with the LSD1–CoREST–REST complex, thereby coordinating histone H3 lysine 27 methylation and lysine 4 demethylation to silence tumor suppressor genes and re‐target the cellular epigenetic landscape."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition to its epigenetic regulatory function, HOTAIR contributes to chemoresistance and altered cell proliferation; for instance, in non‐small cell lung cancer HOTAIR upregulation is associated with enhanced migratory behavior and cisplatin resistance through modulation of cell cycle regulators such as p21."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In prostate cancer, androgen deprivation leads to HOTAIR de-repression, which in turn stabilizes the androgen receptor by blocking its interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 and thus promoting ligand-independent AR activity that drives tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, HOTAIR may function post-translationally as a platform for the assembly of ubiquitination machinery, facilitating the targeted degradation of specific protein substrates and further impacting pathways related to cell cycle control and senescence."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Together, these findings underscore the central role of HOTAIR as a critical epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulator in diverse cancer types, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rajnish A Gupta, Nilay Shah, Kevin C Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature08975"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08975"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20393566"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20393566"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ryunosuke Kogo, Teppei Shimamura, Koshi Mimori, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR regulates polycomb-dependent chromatin modification and is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancers."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1021"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-1021"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21862635"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21862635"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Miao-Chih Tsai, Ohad Manor, Yue Wan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long noncoding RNA as modular scaffold of histone modification complexes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Science (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1126/science.1192002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1192002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20616235"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20616235"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "K Kim, I Jutooru, G Chadalapaka, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "HOTAIR is a negative prognostic factor and exhibits pro-oncogenic activity in pancreatic cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogene (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/onc.2012.193"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2012.193"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22614017"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22614017"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiang-hua Liu, Zhi-li Liu, Ming Sun, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The long non-coding RNA HOTAIR indicates a poor prognosis and promotes metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Cancer (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/1471-2407-13-464"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-13-464"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24103700"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24103700"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhili Liu, Ming Sun, Kaihua Lu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The long noncoding RNA HOTAIR contributes to cisplatin resistance of human lung adenocarcinoma cells via downregualtion of p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0077293"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077293"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24155936"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24155936"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ali Zhang, Jonathan C Zhao, Jung Kim, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA HOTAIR Enhances the Androgen-Receptor-Mediated Transcriptional Program and Drives Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Rep (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.069"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.069"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26411689"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26411689"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Je-Hyun Yoon, Kotb Abdelmohsen, Jiyoung Kim, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Scaffold function of long non-coding RNA HOTAIR in protein ubiquitination."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms3939"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3939"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24326307"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24326307"}]}]}]}
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| Synonyms | HOXC-AS4, HOXC11-AS1, HOXAS, NCRNA00072 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 100124700 |
| API | |
| Download Associations | |
| Predicted Functions |
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| Co-expressed Genes |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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HOTAIR has 1,106 functional associations with biological entities spanning 7 categories (molecular profile, organism, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 28 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for HOTAIR from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of HOTAIR gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles | cell lines with high or low expression of HOTAIR gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of HOTAIR gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of HOTAIR gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of HOTAIR gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions | chemicals interacting with HOTAIR gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset. | |
| CTD Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with HOTAIR gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at HOTAIR gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles | transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of HOTAIR gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset. | |
| ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors binding the promoter of HOTAIR gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations | biological terms co-occuring with HOTAIR gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases | disease perturbations changing expression of HOTAIR gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations | gene perturbations changing expression of HOTAIR gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules | small molecule perturbations changing expression of HOTAIR gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of HOTAIR gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections | virus perturbations changing expression of HOTAIR gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Viral Infections dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles | tissues with high or low expression of HOTAIR gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of HOTAIR gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures | tissue samples with high or low expression of HOTAIR gene relative to other tissue samples from the GTEx Tissue-Specific Aging Signatures dataset. | |
| HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with HOTAIR gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of HOTAIR gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles | cell lines with high or low copy number of HOTAIR gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset. | |
| KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations | transcription factor perturbations changing expression of HOTAIR gene from the KnockTF Gene Expression Profiles with Transcription Factor Perturbations dataset. | |
| MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 | phenotypes of transgenic mice caused by HOTAIR gene mutations from the MGI Mouse Phenotype Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets | transcription factors regulating expression of HOTAIR gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles | cell types and tissues with high or low DNA methylation of HOTAIR gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the Roadmap Epigenomics Cell and Tissue DNA Methylation Profiles dataset. | |
| Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles | histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at HOTAIR gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset. | |
| TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors | tissue samples with high or low expression of HOTAIR gene relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset. | |
