{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n HOXA10‐AS, a long noncoding RNA encoded within the HOXA cluster, has emerged as a versatile regulator of tumor biology in multiple cancer types. In lung adenocarcinoma, HOXA10‐AS is upregulated by the transcription factor ELK1 and promotes tumor progression by enhancing cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and increasing migratory capacity through activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In glioma, elevated expression of HOXA10‐AS correlates with higher tumor grades and poor prognosis; mechanistic studies have shown that it fosters cell growth and survival, in part via upregulation of its sense transcript HOXA10 and modulation of pathways including Hippo signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In oral squamous cell carcinoma, increased HOXA10‐AS levels are positively associated with tumor grade and cell cycle activation, while its silencing decreases proliferation; further, in OSCC stem cells, HOXA10‐AS acts as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging microRNA‑29a, thereby upregulating MCL‑1 and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway to enhance stem cell properties."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In nasopharyngeal carcinoma, HOXA10‐AS facilitates cell proliferation and migration by acting as a sponge for miR‑582‑3p, which leads to the upregulation of RAB31; its expression is transcriptionally activated by E2F1."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In acute myeloid leukemia, high levels of HOXA10‐AS—normally expressed in hematopoietic stem cells—contribute to leukemic growth by localizing to the cytoplasm and inducing NF‑κB target genes; knockdown of HOXA10‐AS impairs leukemic proliferation and represents a potential therapeutic target."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In gastric cancer, HOXA10‐AS expression is positively correlated with that of HOXA10, and its overexpression enhances malignant phenotypes including proliferation, migration, and invasion, while its silencing reverses these effects. Mechanistic insights indicate that HOXA10‐AS modulates oncogenic signaling by affecting miRNA‐mediated pathways and is also incorporated into genomic instability–associated prognostic signatures."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Furthermore, integrative analyses of competing endogenous RNA networks have identified HOXA10‐AS as a robust biomarker of poor outcome in glioblastoma, and additional bioinformatics studies have revealed evolutionarily conserved microRNA binding sites within HOXA10‐AS that likely contribute to its posttranscriptional regulatory functions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these findings indicate that HOXA10‐AS acts predominantly as an oncogenic lncRNA by modulating cell proliferation, migration, survival, and stem cell properties through diverse mechanisms—including miRNA sponging, upregulation of key oncogenes, and activation of critical signaling cascades—and its consistent association with aggressive tumor phenotypes across cancers underscores its potential as both a prognostic biomarker and a target for therapeutic intervention.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kai Sheng, Jiahuan Lu, Hui Zhao "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "ELK1-induced upregulation of lncRNA HOXA10-AS promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by increasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.224"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.224"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29729275"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29729275"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cheng-Ya Dong, Jiayue Cui, Dian-He Li, et al. 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