{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n HOXC13‐AS is an oncogenic long noncoding RNA that is frequently upregulated in a variety of cancers, including subtypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (e.g., nasopharyngeal carcinoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma), breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, glioma, and cervical cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In these malignancies, HOXC13‐AS exerts its biological effects principally through functioning as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). For instance, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, HOXC13‐AS sponges miR‑383‑3p, thereby upregulating HMGA2 and promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In breast cancer, it acts as a molecular sponge for miR‑497‑5p, which results in the alleviation of miR‑mediated suppression of PTEN leading to enhanced cell proliferation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in oral squamous cell carcinoma, HOXC13‐AS sequesters miR‑378g to upregulate HOXC13 expression, thereby facilitating malignant behaviors such as increased proliferation, migration, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In hepatocellular carcinoma, elevated levels of HOXC13‐AS correlate with advanced disease stage and poorer prognosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In glioma, HOXC13‐AS promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition via a feedback loop involving miR‑122‑5p, SATB1, and c‑Myc, thereby enhancing tumor aggressiveness."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, its upregulation has been proposed as a diagnostic biomarker"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while in cervical cancer, HOXC13‐AS is stabilized by FTO‐mediated demethylation and epigenetically upregulates FZD6 via enhanced histone H3K27 acetylation, leading to activation of the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway and promoting proliferation, invasion, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these findings indicate that HOXC13‐AS plays a central role in driving oncogenesis across multiple tumor types by modulating key molecular pathways via ceRNA mechanisms. Its consistent association with aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis highlights its potential utility as both a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Changhui Gao, Wuhao Lu, Weihua Lou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Long noncoding RNA HOXC13-AS positively affects cell proliferation and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via modulating miR-383-3p/HMGA2 axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Physiol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcp.27915"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.27915"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30536950"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30536950"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaowei Li, Qiang Wang, Yiqi Rui, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "HOXC13-AS promotes breast cancer cell growth through regulating miR-497-5p/PTEN axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Physiol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcp.28800"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.28800"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31066051"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31066051"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wenlu Li, Qiuyu Zhu, Sanke Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "HOXC13-AS accelerates cell proliferation and migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma via miR-378g/HOXC13 axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oral Oncol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104946"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104946"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32763778"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32763778"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J-F Zhou, Y-T Shi, H-G Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Overexpression of long noncoding RNA HOXC13-AS and its prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.26355/eurrev_201909_18843"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_201909_18843"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31539123"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31539123"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ning Liu, Ziyu Wang, Dachao Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "HOXC13-AS-miR-122-5p-SATB1-C-Myc feedback loop promotes migration, invasion and EMT process in glioma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Onco Targets Ther (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2147/OTT.S220027"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S220027"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31564901"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31564901"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dan Xiong, Wei Wu, Lijuan Kan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LINC00958 and HOXC13-AS as key candidate biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PeerJ (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.7717/peerj.8557"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8557"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32095369"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32095369"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tongfei Wang, Weina Li, Biaofei Ye, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FTO-stabilized lncRNA HOXC13-AS epigenetically upregulated FZD6 and activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling to drive cervical cancer proliferation, invasion, and EMT."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J BUON (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34564982"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34564982"}]}]}]}