{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Interleukin‐11 receptor alpha (IL11RA) is a critical subunit of the IL11 signaling complex that mediates a wide range of biological processes. During development, IL11RA plays an essential role in craniofacial and skeletal formation by limiting premature suture fusion and regulating tooth number; loss‐of‐function mutations in IL11RA have been causally linked to syndromic craniosynostosis accompanied by dental anomalies in humans and corresponding murine models."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " At the maternal–fetal interface, IL11RA‐dependent IL11 signaling is indispensable for proper decidualization and for restraining extravillous trophoblast invasion, as evidenced by the infertility and defective decidual formation observed in IL11RA null mice"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of cancer, aberrant IL11/IL11RA activity has been shown to promote tumor cell survival and chemoresistance—for instance, in lung adenocarcinoma cells where IL11 induces STAT3 phosphorylation, leading to increased expression of anti‐apoptotic proteins."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, IL11RA signaling is implicated in fibrotic disorders; IL11 released by various cell types engages IL11RA on stromal cells to activate ERK‐dependent pathways, driving fibroblast and pancreatic stellate cell transformation and extracellular matrix deposition. Therapeutic inhibition of IL11RA has been demonstrated to attenuate pathological fibrosis in preclinical models."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these studies establish IL11RA as a pivotal mediator of IL11‐driven developmental, reproductive, oncogenic, and fibrotic processes, highlighting its promise as a therapeutic target in diverse pathological conditions.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pekka Nieminen, Neil V Morgan, Aimée L Fenwick, et al. 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