{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n IL21‐AS1 is a long noncoding RNA expressed in the nucleus of CD4 T cells that has been implicated in immune regulation in autoimmune diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs62324212) located within a predicted enhancer region of IL21‐AS1 has been associated with increased SLE risk, where its C>A variation appears to modulate disease activity by affecting IL‑2–mediated activation of T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, a process critical for maintaining immune tolerance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Broader genome‐wide analyses across pediatric autoimmune diseases have highlighted the importance of dysregulated interleukin and T helper cell signaling pathways—including those involving IL‑2—in shaping immune responses, thereby placing IL21‐AS1 within a network of genetic factors that converge on T cell polarization and cytokine signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In addition, studies on diseases with immune regulatory disruptions, such as visceral leishmaniasis, further emphasize the role of complex cytokine networks and T cell responses in disease pathogenesis, suggesting that modulation of IL21‐AS1 could potentially influence a broader spectrum of immune‐mediated disorders."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these findings indicate that IL21‐AS1 not only contributes to the fine‐tuning of IL‑2–driven regulatory T cell activation in SLE but also may tip the balance in interconnected cytokine and T helper cell networks, opening avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions in autoimmune and other immune‐related diseases."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "He Hao, Shingo Nakayamada, Naoaki Ohkubo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Involvement of lncRNA IL21-AS1 in interleukin-2 and T follicular regulatory cell activation in systemic lupus erythematosus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Arthritis Res Ther (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s13075-021-02682-w"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-021-02682-w"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34895341"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34895341"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yun R Li, Jin Li, Sihai D Zhao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Meta-analysis of shared genetic architecture across ten pediatric autoimmune diseases."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Med (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nm.3933"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3933"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26301688"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26301688"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sandra Regina Maruyama, Carlos Alessandro Fuzo, Antonio Edson R Oliveira, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Insight Into the Long Noncoding RNA and mRNA Coexpression Profile in the Human Blood Transcriptome Upon "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "i"}], "href": "i"}, {"type": "t", "text": "Leishmania infantum"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/i"}], "href": "/i"}, {"type": "t", "text": " Infection."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Front Immunol (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3389/fimmu.2022.784463"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.784463"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "35370994"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35370994"}]}]}]}