{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "<head>\n <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n <title>Summary of INHBA‑AS1 Function</title>\n </head>\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Long non‐coding RNA INHBA‑AS1 has emerged as a multifunctional regulatory molecule in several human diseases. In colorectal cancer, INHBA‑AS1 is overexpressed and promotes tumor progression by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) that sequesters microRNAs (for example, miR‑422a), thereby upregulating AKT1 and enhancing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases that contribute to cell proliferation and colony formation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In gastric cancer, elevated levels of INHBA‑AS1 have been associated not only with aggressive tumor features but also with potential utility as a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker when combined with other long non‑coding RNAs."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of fibrotic disorders such as hypertrophic scar formation, increased INHBA‑AS1 expression in dermal fibroblasts promotes cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix deposition by sponging miR‑141‑3p and modulating downstream targets like MCL1, as supported by independent ceRNA network analyses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Conversely, an earlier report that described an oncogenic role for INHBA‑AS1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma via miR‑143‑3p sponging has been retracted owing to data integrity concerns"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", underscoring the need for cautious interpretation of some findings."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond cancer and fibrotic conditions, epigenetic evaluations have identified differential methylation in the INHBA‑AS1 locus as being associated with chronic kidney disease, suggesting that altered regulation of this lncRNA may contribute to renal pathophysiology and serve as a potential target for future therapeutic interventions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Additionally, genome‐wide analyses point to genetic variants near INHBA‑AS1 that correlate with heritable features of the human oral microbiome, implicating the lncRNA in the modulation of microbial composition and stability."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies illustrate that INHBA‑AS1 functions as a ceRNA and regulatory hub in diverse biological contexts—ranging from tumor progression and fibrotic scar formation to renal disease and microbiome modulation—thereby offering promising avenues for biomarker development and therapeutic targeting.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "H Lin, Y-G Hong, J-D Zhou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA INHBA-AS1 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation by sponging miR-422a to increase AKT1 axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.26355/eurrev_202010_23206"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202010_23206"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33090398"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33090398"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lianmin Ye, Wumin Jin "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Identification of lncRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA networks for occurrence and prognosis of gastric carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Lab Anal (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcla.24028"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.24028"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34704289"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34704289"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dong Ke, Hanwei Li, Yi Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The combination of circulating long noncoding RNAs AK001058, INHBA-AS1, MIR4435-2HG, and CEBPA-AS1 fragments in plasma serve as diagnostic markers for gastric cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncotarget (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.18632/oncotarget.15628"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.15628"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28423525"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28423525"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yan Yang, Chun Xiao, Kang Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Silencing of long noncoding INHBA antisense RNA1 suppresses proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix deposition in human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts via regulating microRNA-141-3p/myeloid cell leukemia 1 axis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bioengineered (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/21655979.2021.1919013"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2021.1919013"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33977869"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33977869"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Min Li, Jian Wang, Dewu Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "High‑throughput sequencing reveals differentially expressed lncRNAs and circRNAs, and their associated functional network, in human hypertrophic scars."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Med Rep (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/mmr.2018.9557"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9557"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30320389"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30320389"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "W-Q Ma, J Chen, W Fang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA INHBA-AS1 promotes cell growth, migration, and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma by sponging miR-143-3p."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.26355/eurrev_202009_23000"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202009_23000"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33015761"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33015761"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Valeria R Mas, Thu H Le, Daniel G Maluf "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Epigenetics in Kidney Transplantation: Current Evidence, Predictions, and Future Research Directions."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transplantation (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/TP.0000000000000878"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000000878"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26356174"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26356174"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Brittany A Demmitt, Robin P Corley, Brooke M Huibregtse, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genetic influences on the human oral microbiome."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Genomics (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12864-017-4008-8"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-4008-8"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28836939"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28836939"}]}]}]}