{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n INKA2 (also known as Fam212b) is an evolutionarily conserved gene that has emerged as a multifunctional regulator of cellular behavior. In the developing and adult central nervous system, INKA2 is highly expressed in specific populations—such as oligodendrocyte progenitors and subsets of immature neurons—suggesting a role in establishing neuronal polarity and guiding cell migration (2). In cultured cells, functional studies indicate that INKA2 modulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics by controlling focal adhesion turnover in a protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)–dependent manner; knockdown of INKA2 increases focal adhesion dynamics and cell motility (3). Moreover, INKA2 is directly induced by the tumor suppressor p53 via an intronic regulatory element. p53‑dependent upregulation of INKA2 leads to its interaction with PAK4, thereby attenuating the PAK4–β‑catenin signaling pathway and resulting in modest inhibition of cancer cell growth (1). In addition, dysregulation of INKA2 has been linked to disease—such as in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis fibroblasts where altered INKA2 expression (likely modulated by specific microRNAs) may contribute to enhanced proliferation and cell survival (4), and in host immune cells during schistosome infection where parasite‐derived miRNAs targeting INKA2 are implicated in promoting macrophage proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production (5). Collectively, these studies underscore a context‑dependent role for INKA2 in the regulation of cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation.\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n (1)"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", \n (2)"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", \n (3)"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", \n (4)"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", \n (5)."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yu-Yu Liu, Chizu Tanikawa, Koji Ueda, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "INKA2, a novel p53 target that interacts with the serine/threonine kinase PAK4."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Oncol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/ijo.2019.4786"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2019.4786"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31081062"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31081062"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yumi Iwasaki, Takahito Yumoto, Shin-Ichi Sakakibara "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression profiles of inka2 in the murine nervous system."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gene Expr Patterns (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.gep.2015.08.002"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gep.2015.08.002"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26292052"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26292052"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hiroki Akiyama, Yumi Iwasaki, Seiya Yamada, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Control of cell migration by the novel protein phosphatase-2A interacting protein inka2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Tissue Res (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00441-020-03169-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-020-03169-x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31975032"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31975032"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chau-Chyun Sheu, Wei-An Chang, Ming-Ju Tsai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bioinformatic analysis of next‑generation sequencing data to identify dysregulated genes in fibroblasts of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Med (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/ijmm.2019.4086"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2019.4086"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30720061"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30720061"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Juntao Liu, Lihui Zhu, Jianbin Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Schistosoma japonicum extracellular vesicle miRNA cargo regulates host macrophage functions facilitating parasitism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Pathog (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1007817"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007817"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31163079"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31163079"}]}]}]}