IRF5 Gene

Name	interferon regulatory factor 5
Description	This gene encodes a member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, a group of transcription factors with diverse roles, including virus-mediated activation of interferon, and modulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune system activity. Members of the IRF family are characterized by a conserved N-terminal DNA-binding domain containing tryptophan (W) repeats. Alternative promoter use and alternative splicing result in multiple transcript variants, and a 30-nt indel polymorphism (SNP rs60344245) can result in loss of a 10-aa segment. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2016]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a central transcriptional mediator that plays a multifaceted role in innate and adaptive immunity. IRF5 is activated downstream of Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling—especially via the MyD88‐dependent pathway—and drives the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‑6, interleukin‑12, tumor necrosis factor‑α, and type I interferons."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In myeloid dendritic cells and macrophages, IRF5 promotes M1 polarization and inflammatory gene expression, thereby shaping the early antimicrobial response. Genetic studies have firmly established that variants in IRF5 contribute to susceptibility for several autoimmune diseases—including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic sclerosis—where altered splicing, elevated expression of distinct isoforms, and dysregulated activation may predispose to enhanced type I interferon responses and pathogenic inflammation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, intracellular immune recognition pathways that involve receptors such as TRIM21 can activate IRF5 alongside other transcription factors to stimulate antiviral and proinflammatory gene programs."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Importantly, recent experimental evidence has shown that targeted silencing of IRF5 in macrophages can shift their polarization away from the inflammatory M1 phenotype toward reparative functions, which translates into improved tissue healing and attenuated adverse remodeling—for example, in the context of post–myocardial infarction recovery."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Akinori Takaoka, Hideyuki Yanai, Seiji Kondo, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Integral role of IRF-5 in the gene induction programme activated by Toll-like receptors."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature03308"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03308"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15665823"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15665823"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Annett Schoenemeyer, Betsy J Barnes, Margo E Mancl, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The interferon regulatory factor, IRF5, is a central mediator of toll-like receptor 7 signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M412584200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M412584200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15695821"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15695821"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Helen M Lazear, Alissa Lancaster, Courtney Wilkins, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 coordinately regulate the type I IFN response in myeloid dendritic cells downstream of MAVS signaling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Pathog (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1003118"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003118"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23300459"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23300459"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "John B Harley, Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme, Lindsey A Criswell, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide association scan in women with systemic lupus erythematosus identifies susceptibility variants in ITGAM, PXK, KIAA1542 and other loci."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng.81"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.81"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18204446"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18204446"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eli A Stahl, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Elaine F Remmers, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide association study meta-analysis identifies seven new rheumatoid arthritis risk loci."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng.582"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.582"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20453842"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20453842"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Robert R Graham, Sergey V Kozyrev, Emily C Baechler, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A common haplotype of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) regulates splicing and expression and is associated with increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng1782"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1782"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16642019"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16642019"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Snaevar Sigurdsson, Gunnel Nordmark, Harald H H Göring, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Polymorphisms in the tyrosine kinase 2 and interferon regulatory factor 5 genes are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Am J Hum Genet (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1086/428480"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1086/428480"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15657875"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15657875"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Robert R Graham, Chieko Kyogoku, Snaevar Sigurdsson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Three functional variants of IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) define risk and protective haplotypes for human lupus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.0701266104"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701266104"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17412832"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17412832"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Timothy R D J Radstake, Olga Gorlova, Blanca Rueda, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide association study of systemic sclerosis identifies CD247 as a new susceptibility locus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Genet (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ng.565"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.565"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20383147"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20383147"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wanling Yang, Nan Shen, Dong-Qing Ye, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide association study in Asian populations identifies variants in ETS1 and WDFY4 associated with systemic lupus erythematosus."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Genet (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pgen.1000841"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1000841"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20169177"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20169177"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Laurence Menard, David Saadoun, Isabelle Isnardi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The PTPN22 allele encoding an R620W variant interferes with the removal of developing autoreactive B cells in humans."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI45790"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI45790"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21804190"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21804190"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "William A McEwan, Jerry C H Tam, Ruth E Watkinson, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Intracellular antibody-bound pathogens stimulate immune signaling via the Fc receptor TRIM21."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Immunol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ni.2548"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2548"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23455675"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23455675"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Gabriel Courties, Timo Heidt, Matthew Sebas, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "In vivo silencing of the transcription factor IRF5 reprograms the macrophage phenotype and improves infarct healing."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Am Coll Cardiol (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.023"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.023"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24361318"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24361318"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	SLEB10
Proteins	IRF5_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	3663
API
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Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

IRF5 has 7,535 functional associations with biological entities spanning 9 categories (molecular profile, organism, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 125 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for IRF5 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

IRF5 Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of IRF5 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of IRF5 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Mouse Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of IRF5 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of IRF5 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of IRF5 gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Biocarta Pathways	pathways involving IRF5 protein from the Biocarta Pathways dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of IRF5 gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of IRF5 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of IRF5 gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of IRF5 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of IRF5 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with IRF5 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with IRF5 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of IRF5 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of IRF5 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of IRF5 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of IRF5 gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing IRF5 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components containing IRF5 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with IRF5 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025	cellular components co-occuring with IRF5 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of IRF5 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with IRF5 gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with IRF5 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations	traits associated with IRF5 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the dbGAP Gene-Trait Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of IRF5 protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by IRF5 gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases involving IRF5 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases involving IRF5 gene from the DISEASES Curated Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases associated with IRF5 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases associated with IRF5 gene in GWAS datasets from the DISEASES Experimental Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with IRF5 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025	diseases co-occuring with IRF5 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with IRF5 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with IRF5 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at IRF5 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of IRF5 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of IRF5 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing IRF5 from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with IRF5 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.