{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Long non‐coding RNA ITGB2‑AS1 has emerged as a multifunctional regulator in several human malignancies as well as in metabolic conditions. In breast cancer, although ITGB2‑AS1 is down‐regulated by BMP9, its overexpression drives migration and invasion through increased ITGB2 expression and subsequent activation of integrin‑mediated FAK signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In osteosarcoma, elevated ITGB2‑AS1 levels correlate with poorer prognosis, and its knockdown suppresses cell proliferation while inducing apoptosis, potentially by impairing Wnt/β‑catenin signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, ITGB2‑AS1 is up‑regulated and promotes tumor progression by modulating the miR‑328‑5p/HMGA1 axis, thereby enhancing cell survival."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In acute myeloid leukemia, increased ITGB2‑AS1 expression—strongly correlated with ITGB2 levels—serves as an independent prognostic marker, associating with adverse clinical features."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, ITGB2‑AS1 functions as an oncogenic “sponge” for miR‑4319, leading to RAF1 up‑regulation and enhanced tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, its dysregulation in the adipose tissue of obese individuals suggests a potential role in adipogenesis and metabolic regulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these findings indicate that ITGB2‑AS1 contributes to tumorigenesis and disease progression by promoting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival across multiple cancer types, and highlight its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mengyao Liu, Liyao Gou, Jing Xia, et al. 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