{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n KASH5 is a meiosis‐specific KASH‐domain protein that localizes to the outer nuclear membrane and functions as a critical component of the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex. By directly interacting with SUN proteins (such as SUN1 and SUN2) at the inner nuclear membrane, KASH5 bridges telomeres of meiotic chromosomes to cytoplasmic dynein motors. This connection is essential for driving the telomere‐led chromosome movements that underlie bouquet formation, homolog pairing, synapsis, and proper recombination during meiotic prophase I."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, studies in oocytes indicate that KASH5, together with SUN1, is crucial for spindle formation and meiotic resumption, underscoring its broader role in gametogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Notably, a pathogenic mutation (L535Q) within the transmembrane domain of KASH5—altering its hydrophobicity—leads to its mislocalization from the nuclear envelope to the mitochondrial membrane and is associated with male infertility and azoospermia."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Overall, KASH5 is indispensable for mediating the force transmission from the cytoskeleton to the nuclear envelope during meiosis, ensuring proper telomere attachment and dynamic chromosome movements that are critical for homologous recombination and fertility.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jana Link, Monika Leubner, Johannes Schmitt, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Analysis of meiosis in SUN1 deficient mice reveals a distinct role of SUN2 in mammalian meiotic LINC complex formation and function."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Genet (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pgen.1004099"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004099"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24586178"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24586178"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Alberto Viera, Manfred Alsheimer, Rocío Gómez, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "CDK2 regulates nuclear envelope protein dynamics and telomere attachment in mouse meiotic prophase."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.154922"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.154922"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25380821"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25380821"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kayoko Fujimoto-Ibusuki, Yohei Yamada, Takeshi Hirai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "[Perioperative Management of Elderly Patients Over 90 Years of Age with Femoral Neck/Trochanteric Fracture]."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Masui (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26742404"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26742404"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sana A Bentebbal, Bakhita R Meqbel, Anna Salter, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A human infertility-associated KASH5 variant promotes mitochondrial localization."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-021-89439-2"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89439-2"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33980926"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33980926"}]}]}]}