{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Recent exome‐sequencing studies in prolactinomas have revealed that, among several genes harboring novel variants in dopamine agonist–resistant tumors, "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "KRTAP10‑3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "—which encodes a keratin‐associated protein—was identified as one such gene."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Although its precise role in pituitary tumor biology has not been further characterized, the detection of a somatic variant in KRTAP10‑3 alongside other genes implicated in DNA-repair and protein metabolic processes suggests that alteration of its normal function might contribute to mechanisms that underlie therapeutic resistance. In other words, while low levels of key regulatory proteins (such as PRDM2) have been directly linked to resistance in these tumors, the presence of variants in KRTAP10‑3 points toward potential involvement in broader cellular processes that may affect structural integrity or protein interactions within the cell.\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In contrast, independent investigations in diverse biological systems have shown that variations in proteins governing cell surface properties and organelle architecture play significant roles in disease pathogenesis. For example, comparative analyses of bacterial strains have demonstrated that changes in cell surface area and hydrophobicity can markedly influence host cell attachment and invasion"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while high-resolution proteomic mapping of cilia has illuminated complex networks linking structural components to ciliary signaling and proteostasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Although these studies focus on distinct biological contexts, they underscore the importance of structural proteins and their modifications in modulating cellular functions. \n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Overall, the identification of KRTAP10‑3 variants in resistant prolactinomas suggests that—even though its specific function in this setting remains to be fully defined—perturbations in keratin-associated proteins might represent a novel facet of the molecular mechanisms leading to dopamine agonist resistance. Future studies are warranted to explore whether dysregulation of KRTAP10‑3 contributes to altered cellular architecture, protein dynamics, or signal transduction pathways that collectively facilitate tumor persistence.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hua Gao, Fei Wang, Xiaolei Lan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lower PRDM2 expression is associated with dopamine-agonist resistance and tumor recurrence in prolactinomas."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Cancer (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12885-015-1267-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-015-1267-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25884948"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25884948"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stephanie N Bartley, Yih-Ling Tzeng, Kathryn Heel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Attachment and invasion of Neisseria meningitidis to host cells is related to surface hydrophobicity, bacterial cell size and capsule."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0055798"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055798"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23405216"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23405216"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Karsten Boldt, Jeroen van Reeuwijk, Qianhao Lu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "An organelle-specific protein landscape identifies novel diseases and molecular mechanisms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/ncomms11491"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11491"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27173435"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27173435"}]}]}]}