| Name | leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 |
| Description | This gene encodes a cytosolic leucine-tRNA synthetase, a member of the class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. The encoded enzyme catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of L-leucine to tRNA(Leu). It is found in the cytoplasm as part of a multisynthetase complex and interacts with the arginine tRNA synthetase through its C-terminal domain. A mutation in this gene was found in affected individuals with infantile liver failure syndrome 1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015] |
| Summary |
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Human cytosolic leucyl‐tRNA synthetase (LARS1) serves dual roles in the cell. In its canonical function, LARS1 charges tRNA<sup>Leu</sup> to support protein synthesis. In addition, it acts as a leucine sensor that transduces amino acid availability to the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling cascade. Notably, the leucine‐sensing function of LARS1 can be mechanistically uncoupled from its aminoacylation activity; its binding to leucine promotes conformational changes that stimulate mTORC1 via a Rag‐dependent mechanism, thereby modulating cellular growth and metabolism."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In pathological contexts such as lung cancer, LARS1 is frequently overexpressed and contributes to enhanced cell migration and colony formation, implicating it as a potential oncogenic driver through its effects on cell growth and mTORC1 activation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, in the process of myogenesis, LARS1 exerts a nontranslational effect; by influencing mTORC1 signaling, it negatively regulates myoblast differentiation via the IRS1–PI3K–Akt pathway, and disruption of its interaction with Rag proteins promotes muscle regeneration."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Recent structural studies of human cytosolic LARS1 have further delineated its multifaceted roles by revealing its complete domain architecture and providing insights into its incorporation into the multisynthetase complex. These findings underscore the potential for developing targeted inhibitors that specifically disrupt its leucine sensor function without affecting its canonical catalytic activity, thereby offering new therapeutic avenues for conditions ranging from cancer to muscle degeneration."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jong Hyun Kim, Chulho Lee, Minji Lee, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Control of leucine-dependent mTORC1 pathway through chemical intervention of leucyl-tRNA synthetase and RagD interaction."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nat Commun (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41467-017-00785-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00785-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28963468"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28963468"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Seung-Hun Shin, Ho-Shik Kim, Seung-Hyun Jung, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Implication of leucyl-tRNA synthetase 1 (LARS1) over-expression in growth and migration of lung cancer cells detected by siRNA targeted knock-down analysis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Exp Mol Med (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3858/emm.2008.40.2.229"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3858/emm.2008.40.2.229"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18446061"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18446061"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kook Son, Jae-Sung You, Mee-Sup Yoon, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nontranslational function of leucyl-tRNA synthetase regulates myogenic differentiation and skeletal muscle regeneration."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Clin Invest (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1172/JCI122560"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI122560"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30985292"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30985292"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ru-Juan Liu, Tao Long, Hao Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecular basis of the multifaceted functions of human leucyl-tRNA synthetase in protein synthesis and beyond."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nucleic Acids Res (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1093/nar/gkaa189"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa189"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32232361"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32232361"}]}]}]}
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| NCBI Gene ID | 51520 |
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| Predicted Functions |
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| Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines |
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LARS1 has 3,505 functional associations with biological entities spanning 6 categories (chemical, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA, sequence feature) extracted from 43 datasets.
Click the + buttons to view associations for LARS1 from the datasets below.
If available, associations are ranked by standardized value
| Dataset | Summary | |
|---|---|---|
| Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles | tissue samples with high or low expression of LARS1 gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Aging Dementia and Traumatic Brain Injury Tissue Sample Gene Expression Profiles dataset. | |
| Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of LARS1 gene from the Carcinogenome Chemical Perturbation Carcinogenicity Signatures dataset. | |
| CCLE Cell Line Proteomics | Cell lines associated with LARS1 protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset. | |
| CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations | cell types associated with LARS1 gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset. | |
| ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 | transcription factors binding the promoter of LARS1 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset. | |
| ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 | phenotypes associated with LARS1 gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations 2025 dataset. | |
| CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas | gene perturbations changing expression of LARS1 gene from the CM4AI KOLF21J CRISPRi Gene Perturbation Atlas dataset. | |
| CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies | assemblies containing LARS1 protein from integrated AP-MS and IF data from the CM4AI U2OS Cell Map Protein Localization Assemblies dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing LARS1 protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components containing LARS1 protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 | cellular components co-occuring with LARS1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 | interacting drugs for LARS1 protein from the DGIdb Drug Targets 2026 dataset. | |
| DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores 2025 | diseases co-occuring with LARS1 gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations | diseases associated with LARS1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset. | |
| DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations | phenotypes associated with LARS1 gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 | biological processes involving LARS1 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Biological Process Annotations 2025 | biological processes involving LARS1 gene from the curated GO Biological Process Annotations2025 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 | cellular components containing LARS1 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 | cellular components containing LARS1 protein from the curated GO Cellular Component Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 | molecular functions performed by LARS1 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2023 dataset. | |
| GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 | molecular functions performed by LARS1 gene from the curated GO Molecular Function Annotations 2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx eQTL 2025 | SNPs regulating expression of LARS1 gene from the GTEx eQTL 2025 dataset. | |
| GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 | tissues with high or low expression of LARS1 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles 2023 dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of LARS1 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Human Transcription Factor Targets dataset. | |
| JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 | transcription factors regulating expression of LARS1 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Mouse Transcription Factor Targets 2025 dataset. | |
| KEGG Pathways 2026 | pathways involving LARS1 protein from the KEGG Pathways 2026 dataset. | |
| Kinase Library Tyrosine Kinome Atlas | kinases that phosphorylate LARS1 protein from the Kinase Library Tyrosine Kinome Atlas dataset. | |
| LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbation Consensus Signatures | small molecule perturbations changing expression of LARS1 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP Chemical Perturbations Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
| LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of LARS1 gene from the LINCS L1000 CMAP CRISPR Knockout Consensus Signatures dataset. | |
| MW Enzyme Metabolite Associations | interacting metabolites for LARS1 protein from the MW Gene Metabolite Associations dataset. | |
| PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 | pathways involving LARS1 protein from the PFOCR Pathway Figure Associations 2023 dataset. | |
| Reactome Pathways 2024 | pathways involving LARS1 protein from the Reactome Pathways 2024 dataset. | |
| Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of LARS1 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of LARS1 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 K562 Genome-wide Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 RPE1 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of LARS1 gene from the Replogle et al., Cell, 2022 RPE1 Essential Perturb-seq Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 | transcription factors regulating expression of LARS1 gene from the Rummagene Transcription Factor Associations 2026 dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of LARS1 gene from the RummaGEO Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures | gene perturbations changing expression of LARS1 gene from the RummaGEO Gene Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Sci-Plex Drug Perturbation Signatures | drug perturbations changing expression of LARS1 gene from the Sci-Plex Drug Perturbation Signatures dataset. | |
| Tahoe Therapeutics Tahoe 100M Perturbation Atlas | drug perturbations changing expression of LARS1 gene from the Tahoe Therapeutics Tahoe 100M Perturbation Atlas dataset. | |
| TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of LARS1 protein from the TISSUES Curated Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues with high expression of LARS1 protein in proteomics datasets from the TISSUES Experimental Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
| TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 | tissues co-occuring with LARS1 protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the TISSUES Text-mining Tissue Protein Expression Evidence Scores 2025 dataset. | |
