{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n LBX1‐AS1 is a long non‐coding RNA residing at the 10q24.32 locus that has emerged as one of the key genetic elements linked to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Several genome‐wide association studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms in this region are significantly associated with AIS susceptibility. In particular, one study hypothesized that a risk allele (the T allele of rs1322331) may predispose individuals to AIS by reducing LBX1‐AS1 transcription, which in turn leads to the upregulation of LBX1 function; altered LBX1 activity has been implicated in defects in embryonic body axis formation and convergent extension, likely through disruption of non‐canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling pathways (see"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "and."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, additional genetic studies in diverse populations have replicated the strong association of the LBX1/ LBX1‐AS1 region with disease onset, supporting a model in which dysregulation of LBX1 by its antisense transcript contributes to AIS pathogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, LBX1‐AS1 appears to function as a regulatory non‐coding RNA—its normal transcriptional levels may act to modulate LBX1 expression during critical periods of spinal development. Alterations in LBX1‐AS1 transcription likely disturb the finely tuned balance of LBX1 activity, thereby contributing to the structural defects observed in AIS.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sen Liu, Nan Wu, Yuzhi Zuo, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Replication Study for the Association of GWAS-associated Loci With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Susceptibility and Curve Progression in a Chinese Population."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Spine (Phila Pa 1976) (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/BRS.0000000000002866"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000002866"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30234802"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30234802"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zezhang Zhu, Nelson Leung-Sang Tang, Leilei Xu, et al. 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