{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n The LBX2 gene and its corresponding antisense transcript LBX2‐AS1 play multifaceted roles in both normal development and disease. Developmentally, LBX2 functions as a transcription factor that is critical for proper organogenesis. In the reproductive system, for example, LBX2 is expressed in Sertoli cells, germ cells, and shows regionalized expression in the epididymis and ovary—findings that support a role in gonadal differentiation, fertility, and spermatogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In addition, a mutation in LBX2 has been implicated in atrial septal defects through impaired neural crest cell migration during cardiac septation, underscoring its importance in heart development."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In zebrafish, lbx2 has been shown to regulate convergent extension movements and hypaxial myogenesis via modulation of noncanonical Wnt signaling components such as Wnt5b, emphasizing its conserved role in early mesoderm patterning and muscle development."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In the oncogenic context, dysregulation of LBX2 and LBX2‐AS1 has been increasingly recognized. For instance, LBX2‐AS1 is frequently upregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, where its knockdown suppresses cell migration and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) through mechanisms involving stabilization of EMT‐related transcription factors; similar regulatory loops involving LBX2‐AS1 have been described in gastric cancer and in a positive feedback network affecting vascular smooth muscle cell behavior in abdominal aortic aneurysm."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In non‐small cell lung cancer, LBX2 itself has been found overexpressed and appears to promote tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, possibly through enhancing EMT progression"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "; conversely, reduced LBX2 expression has been noted in certain colorectal cancers, suggesting a context‐dependent function."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, aberrant or ectopic LBX2 expression is observed in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia as part of a dysregulated network of NK‐like homeobox genes"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and LBX2‐AS1 also contributes to oncogenic progression in colorectal cancer via its interaction with microRNAs and AKT1 regulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies highlight LBX2 as a pivotal developmental regulator—with roles spanning reproductive organ differentiation, cardiac septation, and muscle formation—and as a modulator of oncogenic pathways when dysregulated. The interplay between LBX2 and its antisense lncRNA (LBX2‐AS1) establishes feedback circuits that impact cell migration, EMT, and proliferation; thus, both molecules represent promising diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets across diverse pathological contexts.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Vanessa Moisan, Nicholas M Robert, Jacques J Tremblay "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Expression of ladybird-like homeobox 2 (LBX2) during ovarian development and folliculogenesis in the mouse."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Mol Histol (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10735-010-9291-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-010-9291-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20820887"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20820887"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ke Wei, Jiyuan Chen, Kevan Akrami, et al. 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