LDHB Gene

Name	lactate dehydrogenase B
Description	This gene encodes the B subunit of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme, which catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD+ in a post-glycolysis process. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. Recent studies have shown that a C-terminally extended isoform is produced by use of an alternative in-frame translation termination codon via a stop codon readthrough mechanism, and that this isoform is localized in the peroxisomes. Mutations in this gene are associated with lactate dehydrogenase B deficiency. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes X, 5 and 13. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]
Summary	{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) is emerging as an important mediator of cancer cell metabolism through its role in regulating the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate. In several tumor types, high LDHB expression has been linked to a glycolytic, aggressive phenotype and enhanced cell proliferation. For instance, in triple‐negative and basal‐like breast cancers, LDHB is upregulated and functionally essential for sustaining glycolysis and proliferation, with high levels predicting poor clinical outcome and favorable response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. Likewise, in lung adenocarcinoma, LDHB expression correlates with KRAS amplification/mutation, and its depletion markedly impairs tumor cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In contrast, certain cancer types such as colon cancer exhibit epigenetic silencing of the LDHB gene. This silencing contributes to a reduced conversion of pyruvate to lactate, which can affect downstream processes including histone deacetylase inhibition by pyruvate, thereby promoting tumor cell survival ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. Moreover, in cancers driven by aberrant mTOR signaling, LDHB is transcriptionally upregulated (via STAT3) and is critical for oncogenic mTOR-mediated tumorigenesis ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In additional tumor contexts, such as pancreatic and prostate cancers, LDHB (or the balance between LDH isozymes) plays a pivotal role in reprogramming energy metabolism. In pancreatic cancer, increased LDHB expression—in conjunction with oncogenic drivers such as LAT2 and mTOR—associates with enhanced glycolysis and poorer prognosis ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. In prostate cancer, oncogenic FGFR1 signaling lowers LDHB levels via promoter methylation to shift metabolism toward aerobic glycolysis, emphasizing that alterations in LDHB expression are central to metabolic reprogramming during tumor progression ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "]. \n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Thus, LDHB functions as a key regulator in the metabolic adaptation of cancer cells by modulating the balance between oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis. Depending on the tumor type, either high or low LDHB expression can facilitate oncogenic growth and influence response to therapy, making it both a potential predictive biomarker and a therapeutic target [(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)].\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mark L McCleland, Adam S Adler, Yonglei Shang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "An integrated genomic screen identifies LDHB as an essential gene for triple-negative breast cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-1098"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-1098"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23139210"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23139210"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jennifer B Dennison, Jennifer R Molina, Shreya Mitra, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lactate dehydrogenase B: a metabolic marker of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0623"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-0623"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23697991"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23697991"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mark L McCleland, Adam S Adler, Laura Deming, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lactate dehydrogenase B is required for the growth of KRAS-dependent lung adenocarcinomas."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2638"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-2638"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23224736"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23224736"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Muthusamy Thangaraju, Kristina N Carswell, Puttur D Prasad, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Colon cancer cells maintain low levels of pyruvate to avoid cell death caused by inhibition of HDAC1/HDAC3."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem J (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1042/BJ20081132"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20081132"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18789002"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18789002"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaojun Zha, Fang Wang, Ying Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lactate dehydrogenase B is critical for hyperactive mTOR-mediated tumorigenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1668"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1668"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21199794"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21199794"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mengyu Feng, Guangbing Xiong, Zhe Cao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LAT2 regulates glutamine-dependent mTOR activation to promote glycolysis and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Exp Clin Cancer Res (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s13046-018-0947-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-018-0947-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30419950"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30419950"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Junchen Liu, Guo Chen, Zezhen Liu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Aberrant FGFR Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Enhances the Warburg Effect by Reprogramming LDH Isoform Expression and Activity in Prostate Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-3226"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-3226"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29891507"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29891507"}]}]}]}
Synonyms	LDH-H, TRG-5, LDH-B, LDHBD, HEL-S-281
Proteins	LDHB_HUMAN
NCBI Gene ID	3945
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions
Co-expressed Genes
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines

Functional Associations

LDHB has 10,948 functional associations with biological entities spanning 8 categories (molecular profile, organism, disease, phenotype or trait, chemical, functional term, phrase or reference, structural feature, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 119 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for LDHB from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Harmonizome 3.0

LDHB Gene

Functional Associations

Please acknowledge the Harmonizome in your publications by citing the following reference(s):

	Dataset	Summary
	Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles	cell lines with fitness changed by LDHB gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the Achilles Cell Line Gene Essentiality Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of LDHB gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Adult Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray	tissue samples with high or low expression of LDHB gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by Microarray dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq	tissue samples with high or low expression of LDHB gene relative to other tissue samples from the Allen Brain Atlas Developing Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles by RNA-seq dataset.
	Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	tissues with high or low expression of LDHB gene relative to other tissues from the Allen Brain Atlas Prenatal Human Brain Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of LDHB gene relative to other cell lines from the BioGPS Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of LDHB gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Human Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles	cell types and tissues with high or low expression of LDHB gene relative to other cell types and tissues from the BioGPS Mouse Cell Type and Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of LDHB gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of LDHB gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	CCLE Cell Line Proteomics	Cell lines associated with LDHB protein from the CCLE Cell Line Proteomics dataset.
	CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations	cell types associated with LDHB gene from the CellMarker Gene-Cell Type Associations dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of LDHB gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of LDHB gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ChEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022	transcription factors binding the promoter of LDHB gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets 2022 dataset.
	ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with LDHB gene from the curated ClinVar Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
	CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules	small molecule perturbations changing expression of LDHB gene from the CMAP Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing LDHB protein from the COMPARTMENTS Curated Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components containing LDHB protein in low- or high-throughput protein localization assays from the COMPARTMENTS Experimental Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores	cellular components co-occuring with LDHB protein in abstracts of biomedical publications from the COMPARTMENTS Text-mining Protein Localization Evidence Scores dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles	cell lines with high or low copy number of LDHB gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
	COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles	cell lines with LDHB gene mutations from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene Mutation Profiles dataset.
	CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions	chemicals interacting with LDHB gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Chemical Interactions dataset.
	CTD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with LDHB gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action	small molecule perturbations with high or low expression of LDHB protein relative to other small molecule perturbations from the DeepCoverMOA Drug Mechanisms of Action dataset.
	DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency	cell lines with fitness changed by LDHB gene knockdown relative to other cell lines from the DepMap CRISPR Gene Dependency dataset.
	DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Association Evidence Scores	diseases co-occuring with LDHB gene in abstracts of biomedical publications from the DISEASES Text-mining Gene-Disease Assocation Evidence Scores dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with LDHB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	DisGeNET Gene-Phenotype Associations	phenotypes associated with LDHB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the DisGeNET Gene-Phenoptype Associations dataset.
	DrugBank Drug Targets	interacting drugs for LDHB protein from the curated DrugBank Drug Targets dataset.
	ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles	histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at LDHB gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles	transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of LDHB gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
	ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets	transcription factors binding the promoter of LDHB gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
	ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing LDHB from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset.
	GAD Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with LDHB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations	diseases associated with LDHB gene in GWAS and other genetic association datasets from the GAD High Level Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
	GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles	cell lines with high or low expression of LDHB gene relative to other cell lines from the GDSC Cell Line Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
	GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations	biological terms co-occuring with LDHB gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
	GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures	PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing LDHB from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
	GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases	disease perturbations changing expression of LDHB gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Diseases dataset.