{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n LINC00162, also known as PICSAR (p38 inhibited cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma associated lincRNA) or NLC1‐C, has emerged as a multifunctional long non‐coding RNA implicated in a broad range of pathological conditions. In rheumatoid arthritis, LINC00162 is highly expressed in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes, where it acts as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging miR‑4701‑5p to promote cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and proinflammatory cytokine production—mechanisms that contribute to synovial invasion and joint destruction."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In several cancers, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, bladder cancer, and breast cancer, LINC00162 is upregulated and exerts oncogenic effects by sequestering tumor‑suppressive microRNAs such as miR‑485‑5p and miR‑573. This sponging relieves repression of targets including DUSP6, REV3L, PAQR4, and integrin subunits, which in turn activates key signaling pathways (e.g. ERK1/2, TGF‑β1/Smad, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR) to foster cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and even chemoresistance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "2", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In gastric cancer, high LINC00162 levels enhance sensitivity to the demethylating agent 5‑aza‑2′‑deoxycytidine by interacting with the splicing factor HNRNPH1 to alter the splicing of anti‑apoptotic variants such as BCL‑XL."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In diabetic nephropathy, aberrant expression of LINC00162 contributes to renal pathology by binding and downregulating miR‑383, thereby upregulating HDAC9."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, in hypertrophic scar formation, LINC00162 binds miR‑485‑5p to activate the TGF‑β1/Smad signaling pathway, leading to abnormal fibroblast proliferation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, in the reproductive context, nuclear accumulation of LINC00162 in spermatocytes and spermatogonia appears to repress miR‑320a and miR‑383 expression, a dysregulation associated with impaired spermatogenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Collectively, these studies underscore the versatile role of LINC00162 as a competing endogenous RNA that modulates diverse biological processes. Its consistent overexpression in various malignancies and pathologic conditions positions LINC00162 as a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "13", "end_ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xuan Bi, Xing Hua Guo, Bi Yao Mo, et al. 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