{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n LINC00174 is an emerging long non‐coding RNA with multifaceted roles in human disease, most notably in various cancers as well as in vascular and cardiac pathologies. In several tumor types—including glioma, colorectal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, thymic epithelial tumors, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, and even certain lung cancers—LINC00174 is frequently dysregulated, with many studies reporting its up‐regulation and oncogenic functions. In these settings, LINC00174 promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, while it suppresses apoptosis; these effects are often mediated through its role as a competing endogenous RNA that sponges different microRNAs. For example, in glioma cells LINC00174 regulates malignant behaviors and chemoresistance by modulating the miR-152-3p/SLC2A1 and miR-138-5p/SOX9 axes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n In colorectal cancer, LINC00174 enhances tumor growth and epithelial–mesenchymal transition by acting on the miR-1910-3p/TAZ and miR-3127-5p/E2F7 pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In hepatocellular carcinoma, LINC00174 functions as an oncogene by sponging miR-320 to upregulate S100A10, thereby promoting aggressive tumor features."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In thymic epithelial tumors, its up‐regulation aids tumor progression by sequestering miR-145-5p, which in turn facilitates the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and cellular migration."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in breast cancer, LINC00174 overexpression correlates with advanced stage and metastasis via negative regulation of miR-1827"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and in osteosarcoma it behaves as an oncogene as evidenced by loss-of-function studies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond these neoplastic settings, LINC00174 also exerts significant roles in non-cancerous conditions. In diabetic retinopathy, for instance, its elevated expression in retinal microvascular endothelial cells promotes proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis through regulation of the miR-150-5p/VEGFA axis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In the context of burn injury, LINC00174 enhances angiogenic activities by binding to EZH2 and orchestrating epigenetic repression of negative regulators of VEGFA."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, in studies of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, exosome-associated LINC00174 has been shown to ameliorate tissue damage by interacting with SRSF1 to suppress p53-mediated apoptotic and autophagic pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Intriguingly, the role of LINC00174 in lung cancer appears to be context-dependent. While one study identified an oncogenic function mediated via the miR-584-3p/RPS24 axis"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", another reported that its overexpression inhibited lung cancer cell viability and migration through regulation of miR-31-5p and LATS2."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n Additional studies have also noted its prognostic value in colon adenocarcinoma recurrence and as part of immune-related signatures in low-grade glioma."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "15", "end_ref": "17"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Finally, in the setting of human papillomavirus-infected laryngeal papillomatosis, LINC00174 contributes to cell proliferation and apoptosis regulation by engaging in a ceRNA network with miR-4500 and BZW2."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies underscore the multifunctional nature of LINC00174. Acting primarily as a competing endogenous RNA, it modulates diverse gene networks that drive cancer progression, angiogenesis, barrier permeability, and cellular stress responses. These attributes not only contribute to its value as a prognostic biomarker but also indicate its potential as a therapeutic target across a range of diseases (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19).\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jian Shi, Yang Zhang, Bing Qin, et al. 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