{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n LINC00491 is a long intergenic noncoding RNA that has emerged as an important regulator in several human malignancies. In liver cancer, for example, elevated LINC00491 functions as an oncogenic competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR‑324‑5p, thereby increasing ROCK1 expression. This mechanism promotes cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and ultimately, tumor growth and metastasis—all of which are associated with poor patient prognosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, LINC00491 is upregulated and its knockdown leads to reduced proliferation and migration along with increased apoptosis, suggesting it may serve as a potential therapeutic target."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Moreover, LINC00491 has been evaluated as a component of diagnostic and prognostic panels. In lung squamous cell carcinoma, for instance, its expression—when combined with other lincRNA candidates—improves the accuracy of malignancy prediction."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in hepatocellular carcinoma, LINC00491 emerges as a hub within an immune‐related ceRNA network that is closely associated with immune cell infiltration and checkpoint regulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In colorectal and colon adenocarcinomas, LINC00491 is implicated in tumor progression as well. It has been found in microbiota‐mediated ceRNA networks linked to poor survival"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and in colon adenocarcinoma it functions by sponging miR‑145 to upregulate SERPINE1, thereby promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Finally, LINC00491 is also featured in prognostic signatures for breast cancer, where its expression contributes to risk stratification and overall survival prediction."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these findings indicate that LINC00491 plays diverse roles in tumorigenesis by acting as a ceRNA to modulate oncogenic pathways. Its consistent association with aggressive tumor behavior and poor clinical outcomes across multiple cancer types underscores its potential not only as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis but also as a promising target for therapeutic intervention.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wei Wang, Tao Yang, Dongsheng Li, et al. 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