{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Recent transcriptome studies have increasingly implicated long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In particular, analyses of ASD brain tissue have revealed a dysregulated noncoding RNA landscape, with several lncRNAs exhibiting altered expression levels that may impact neuronal differentiation, synaptic regulation, and key signaling pathways."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Among these, LINC00693 has been reported to be significantly overexpressed in ASD cases relative to controls, distinguishing its profile from other lncRNAs that are downregulated in the disorder."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Although its precise mechanistic role remains to be fully elucidated, the aberrant expression of LINC00693 suggests that it could contribute to the deregulation of gene networks and signaling cascades—such as those mediated via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and EGFR pathways—that are thought to underlie ASD pathobiology. While studies focusing on epigenetic landscapes in other disease contexts (for example, the proto-CpG island methylator phenotype in colon precancers;"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "have not specifically addressed LINC00693, the collective findings across these reports highlight the broader relevance of lncRNA dysregulation in human disease and underscore the potential utility of LINC00693 as a biomarker or therapeutic target in ASD.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neelroop N Parikshak, Vivek Swarup, T Grant Belgard, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genome-wide changes in lncRNA, splicing, and regional gene expression patterns in autism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature20612"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20612"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27919067"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27919067"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jun-Hua Nie, Tian-Xiang Li, Xiao-Qin Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Normal Human Brain Development, Brain Tumor, and Neuropsychiatric Disorders."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Noncoding RNA (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ncrna5020036"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna5020036"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31052326"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31052326"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, Rezvan Noroozi, Serge Brand, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Emerging Role of Non-coding RNAs in Autism Spectrum Disorder."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Mol Neurosci (2022)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s12031-021-01934-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-021-01934-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34767189"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34767189"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hannah R Parker, Stephany Orjuela, Andreia Martinho Oliveira, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The proto CpG island methylator phenotype of sessile serrated adenomas/polyps."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Epigenetics (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/15592294.2018.1543504"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2018.1543504"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30398409"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30398409"}]}]}]}