{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n LMCD1‐AS1 is an oncogenic long noncoding RNA that has emerged as a critical regulator in several human diseases, most notably various cancers. In hepatocellular carcinoma, LMCD1‐AS1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging let‐7g, which results in the upregulation of P4HA2, an enzyme crucial for collagen formation; this mechanism contributes to abnormal extracellular matrix deposition and tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In cholangiocarcinoma, LMCD1‐AS1 is transcriptionally activated by E2F1 and similarly functions as a molecular sponge for miR‐345‐5p. This interaction relieves miR‐345‐5p–mediated repression of COL6A3, thereby promoting cell proliferation, invasion, and overall tumorigenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In osteosarcoma, elevated LMCD1‐AS1 expression—driven in part by the transcription factor SP1—enhances tumor cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition via sequestering miR‐106b‐5p, correlating with aggressive disease and poor prognosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, genome‐wide association studies have implicated variants in the GRM7|LMCD1‐AS1 intergenic region in increased susceptibility to acute kidney injury following coronary bypass grafting, suggesting a broader clinical relevance in injury responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Additional studies have extended the oncogenic role of LMCD1‐AS1 to other malignancies. In thyroid cancer, LMCD1‐AS1 is upregulated through a feedback mechanism involving GLI2 and acts as a sponge for miR‐1287‐5p to further elevate GLI2 expression, thereby enhancing cell proliferation, migration, and stemness properties."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in non-small cell lung cancer, LMCD1‐AS1 promotes tumor progression by binding miR‐526b‐3p, which leads to increased expression of OSBPL5 and subsequently supports cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " A recent review further consolidates the protumorigenic functions of LMCD1‐AS1 across multiple cancer types by highlighting its capacity to modulate diverse signaling pathways through interactions with different microRNAs and transcription factors."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Finally, while studies of genetic contributors to acute kidney injury remain limited, unbiased genomic investigations have pointed to the GRM7|LMCD1‐AS1 locus as a potential susceptibility factor, underscoring the multifaceted roles of this lncRNA in both cancer and non-malignant conditions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n \n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Collectively, these studies emphasize that LMCD1‐AS1 contributes to tumorigenesis and disease progression by acting as a microRNA sponge that deregulates key downstream effectors involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. Its diverse mechanisms of action across different tissues highlight the potential of LMCD1‐AS1 as both a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in oncology and other clinical settings.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tianjiao Wang, Xueli Fu, Tianzhi Jin, et al. 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