{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nLYVE‐1 (lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor‐1) is best known as a molecular marker of lymphatic endothelial cells and for its role as the primary receptor for hyaluronan. Early work established its utility in distinguishing lymphatic vessels from blood vasculature and revealed that its expression is not entirely restricted to classic lymphatics—being detected in cells such as hepatic sinusoidal endothelia and a subset of macrophages. In addition, studies of small liver nodules and other normal tissues have underscored that while LYVE‐1 is widely used to map lymphangiogenesis, its presence may also indicate alternative roles beyond lymphatic structure, suggesting that LYVE‐1 can be co‐expressed in nontraditional locations without necessarily mediating cell adhesion via hyaluronan binding alone."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nOther investigations have illuminated LYVE‐1’s functional involvement in immune cell trafficking. In particular, LYVE‐1 expressed on lymphatics facilitates the docking and transmigration of dendritic cells as well as leukocytes via interactions with their hyaluronan‐rich glycocalyx. This receptor–ligand interplay has been shown to influence lymphatic uptake—not only of immune cells but also of pathogens (such as group A Streptococcus) and tumor cell clusters—thereby influencing downstream priming of T cells and modulating inflammatory signaling. Furthermore, biochemical studies have revealed that LYVE‐1 function is governed by mechanisms such as receptor clustering, specific glycosylation patterns, and even redox‐sensitive disulfide bond formation, all of which tune its binding affinity toward different hyaluronan configurations."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "13", "end_ref": "37"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond immunological roles, LYVE‐1 has emerged as a significant player in pathological contexts such as tumor progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. In several cancer models—including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal, gastric, and non‐small cell lung cancers—altered LYVE‐1 expression and its shedding from the cell surface have been correlated with tumor lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic invasion, and adverse clinical outcomes. These studies also implicate LYVE‐1 in the regulation of growth factor signaling (for example via interactions with FGF2) and in facilitating enhanced cell motility when its ectodomain is proteolytically cleaved, thereby promoting pathological lymphangiogenic and metastatic processes. Recent evidence from vascular and transplant disease further extends its significance to the modulation of vascular calcification and immune responses in chronic inflammatory conditions."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "38", "end_ref": "43"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "G H Cunnick, W G Jiang, K F Gomez, et al. 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