{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n MACIR—recently characterized as the gene formerly known as C5orf30—has emerged as a critical regulator in inflammatory arthritis as well as a potential player in cancer biology. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), MACIR is highly expressed in synovial tissue, particularly in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes and macrophages. Functional studies show that reduced MACIR expression leads to increased cell migration and invasion, accompanied by up‐regulation of genes involved in cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and inflammatory signaling. This loss of MACIR function contributes to the aggressive, autoaggressive phenotype of synovial fibroblasts, thereby exacerbating joint inflammation and tissue destruction in RA ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "].\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n Beyond its role in autoimmunity, MACIR has been implicated in oncogenic processes. Fusion transcripts involving MACIR—such as the CCNH–C5orf30 chimeric transcript—have been detected in prostate cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of these fusion transcripts correlates with cancer recurrence, metastasis, and aggressive disease phenotypes, suggesting that aberrations in MACIR gene structure may contribute to tumor progression ["}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "5", "end_ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "].\n "}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n "}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\n In summary, MACIR functions as a negative regulator of tissue damage in RA by modulating the invasive and inflammatory behavior of synovial cells, and its genetic variants are associated with both disease susceptibility and severity. Moreover, its involvement in fusion events in cancers points to a potential role in promoting malignant progression. These multifaceted roles make MACIR an important biomarker and potential therapeutic target in both autoimmune and oncologic settings.\n "}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Munitta Muthana, Sarah Hawtree, Adam Wilshaw, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "C5orf30 is a negative regulator of tissue damage in rheumatoid arthritis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1501947112"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501947112"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26316022"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26316022"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Dawn Teare, Rachel Knevel, Michael D Morgan, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Detection of fusion transcripts in the serum samples of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncotarget (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31164957"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31164957"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yan-Ping Yu, Peng Liu, Joel Nelson, et al. 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