{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies on long noncoding RNAs have revealed that molecules related to the MAF regulatory network play critical roles in orchestrating the immune response. In the context of brucellosis, for example, a related transcript—Linc‐MAF‐4—has been shown to be significantly upregulated during the acute phase of infection and is implicated in modulating naïve T cell differentiation into T helper cells, a process that is essential for effective cellular immunity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSimilarly, the lncRNA MAFTRR (MAF transcriptional regulator RNA) has been demonstrated to influence the differentiation of Th1 cells by inhibiting the expression of the transcription factor MAF in activated CD4+ T cells. In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, aberrant expression of MAFTRR correlates with an altered Th1 cell population, suggesting that MAFTRR contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions by fine-tuning cytokine production and immune cell balance."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nTogether, the observations from these studies underscore the nuanced regulatory roles played by MAF‐related lncRNAs in the immune system. Whether in infectious diseases like brucellosis or in autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, these RNAs modulate the balance of T cell subsets through the targeted repression of MAF, thus emerging as promising biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for managing immune dysregulation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Reza Gheitasi, Fariba Keramat, Ghasem Solgi, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Investigation of Linc-MAF-4 expression as an effective marker in brucellosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Immunol (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.022"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.022"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32417631"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32417631"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Huiyong Peng, Xiangmei Ding, Juan Xu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elevated Expression of the Long Noncoding RNA MAFTRR in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol Res (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1155/2021/3577011"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3577011"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34869781"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34869781"}]}]}]}