{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMASP‐2 is a central serine protease of the lectin pathway of complement activation that, once recruited into complexes with pattern‐recognition molecules (such as mannan‐binding lectin, ficolins or collectin‐11), becomes activated (often via transactivation by MASP‐1) to cleave its substrates C4 and C2, thereby triggering formation of the C3 convertase and downstream inflammatory effector functions. Moreover, MASP‐2 contributes not only to complement activation but also exhibits factor Xa–like activity, for instance activating prothrombin and linking complement with coagulation. These mechanistic observations have been supported by detailed kinetic, structural and inhibition studies showing that blockage of MASP‐2 (with antibodies, peptide inhibitors or natural inhibitors such as TFPI) efficiently abrogates lectin pathway activation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nStructural and binding studies have further illuminated the intricacies of MASP‐2 biology. Detailed crystallographic and biophysical investigations—including analyses of its zymogen state and the conformational rearrangements required for full enzymatic activation—have revealed critical binding sites and Ca²⁺‐dependent interactions with recognition molecules. Complementary gene‐expression studies have shown that the MASP2 gene is subject to complex regulatory control, with evidence for extra‐hepatic transcription and alternative splice products (as exemplified by the non‐catalytic MAp19 isoform). In addition, genetic polymorphisms affecting MASP‐2 serum levels and activity have been associated with variability in innate immune competence and have instigated research into its role in susceptibility to various inflammatory and infectious disorders."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "12", "end_ref": "37"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nClinically, aberrations in MASP‐2 levels and function—whether secondary to genetic polymorphisms, altered complex assembly or dysregulated inhibition—have been linked to a spectrum of pathologies, ranging from an increased susceptibility to infections (including pneumonia, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis and neonatal conditions) to adverse outcomes in conditions such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, solid‐organ transplantation and certain cancers. These findings underscore an emerging paradigm in which targeted inhibition or modulation of MASP‐2 activity may hold promise as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate complement‐mediated tissue injury while preserving host defense."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "38", "end_ref": "47"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Péter Gál, Veronika Harmat, Andrea Kocsis, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A true autoactivating enzyme. Structural insight into mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 activations."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M506051200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M506051200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16040602"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16040602"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Axel Schumacher, Patricia Friedrich, Janine Diehl-Schmid, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "No association of TDP-43 with sporadic frontotemporal dementia."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Neurobiol Aging (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.05.022"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.05.022"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17614162"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17614162"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Felicity K Kerr, Adele R Thomas, Lakshmi C Wijeyewickrema, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Elucidation of the substrate specificity of the MASP-2 protease of the lectin complement pathway and identification of the enzyme as a major physiological target of the serpin, C1-inhibitor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Immunol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molimm.2007.07.008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2007.07.008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17709141"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17709141"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Krishana C Gulla, Kshitij Gupta, Anders Krarup, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Activation of mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases leads to generation of a fibrin clot."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Immunology (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03200.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03200.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20002787"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20002787"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Andrea Kocsis, Katalin A Kékesi, Róbert Szász, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Selective inhibition of the lectin pathway of complement with phage display selected peptides against mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP)-1 and -2: significant contribution of MASP-1 to lectin pathway activation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.1001819"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1001819"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20817870"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20817870"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dávid Héja, Veronika Harmat, Krisztián Fodor, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Monospecific inhibitors show that both mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1) and -2 Are essential for lectin pathway activation and reveal structural plasticity of MASP-2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M112.354332"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.354332"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22511776"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22511776"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Dávid Héja, Andrea Kocsis, József Dobó, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Revised mechanism of complement lectin-pathway activation revealing the role of serine protease MASP-1 as the exclusive activator of MASP-2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1073/pnas.1202588109"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1202588109"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22691502"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22691502"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Søren E Degn, Lisbeth Jensen, Annette G Hansen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP)-1 is crucial for lectin pathway activation in human serum, whereas neither MASP-1 nor MASP-3 is required for alternative pathway function."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.1201736"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1201736"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22966085"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22966085"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Troels R Kjaer, Steffen Thiel, Gregers R Andersen "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Toward a structure-based comprehension of the lectin pathway of complement."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Immunol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.007"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2013.05.007"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23911397"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23911397"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mischa P Keizer, Richard B Pouw, Angela M Kamp, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "TFPI inhibits lectin pathway of complement activation by direct interaction with MASP-2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur J Immunol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/eji.201445070"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201445070"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25359215"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25359215"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "H Kozarcanin, C Lood, L Munthe-Fog, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The lectin complement pathway serine proteases (MASPs) represent a possible crossroad between the coagulation and complement systems in thromboinflammation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Thromb Haemost (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/jth.13208"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.13208"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26614707"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26614707"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sandor Cseh, Loanys Vera, Misao Matsushita, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Characterization of the interaction between L-ficolin/p35 and mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases-1 and -2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2002)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.169.10.5735"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.169.10.5735"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "12421953"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12421953"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lynn A Gregory, Nicole M Thielens, Misao Matsushita, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The X-ray structure of human mannan-binding lectin-associated protein 19 (MAp19) and its interaction site with mannan-binding lectin and L-ficolin."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2004)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M402687200"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M402687200"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15117939"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15117939"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Henriette Ytting, Ib Jarle Christensen, Steffen Thiel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Serum mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 levels in colorectal cancer: relation to recurrence and mortality."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-1272"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-1272"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "15746044"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15746044"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "F Lozano, B Suárez, A Muñoz, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Novel MASP2 variants detected among North African and Sub-Saharan individuals."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tissue Antigens (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00436.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00436.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16029433"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16029433"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jeanette Seyfarth, Peter Garred, Hans O Madsen "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Extra-hepatic transcription of the human mannose-binding lectin gene (mbl2) and the MBL-associated serine protease 1-3 genes."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Immunol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molimm.2005.06.033"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2005.06.033"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16112196"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16112196"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 17, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "H V Olesen, J C Jensenius, R Steffensen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The mannan-binding lectin pathway and lung disease in cystic fibrosis--disfunction of mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) may be a major modifier."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Immunol (2006)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.clim.2006.08.014"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2006.08.014"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17045845"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17045845"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 18, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "S Thiel, R Steffensen, I J Christensen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Deficiency of mannan-binding lectin associated serine protease-2 due to missense polymorphisms."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Genes Immun (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/sj.gene.6364373"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gene.6364373"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17252003"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17252003"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 19, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Carlos Cervera, Francisco Lozano, Nuria Saval, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The influence of innate immunity gene receptors polymorphisms in renal transplant infections."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Transplantation (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/01.tp.0000264999.71318.2b"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000264999.71318.2b"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17565323"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17565323"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 20, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rasmus Pagh, Karen Duus, Inga Laursen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The chaperone and potential mannan-binding lectin (MBL) co-receptor calreticulin interacts with MBL through the binding site for MBL-associated serine proteases."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "FEBS J (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06218.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06218.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18177377"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18177377"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 21, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "L Segat, A Fabris, L Padovan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MBL2 and MASP2 gene polymorphisms in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Viral Hepat (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1365-2893.2007.00965.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2007.00965.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18221301"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18221301"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 22, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rajendranath Ramasawmy, Guilherme S Spina, Kellen C Fae, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Association of mannose-binding lectin gene polymorphism but not of mannose-binding serine protease 2 with chronic severe aortic regurgitation of rheumatic etiology."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Vaccine Immunol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1128/CVI.00324-07"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00324-07"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18400978"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18400978"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 23, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "M Isabel Garcia-Laorden, Jordi Sole-Violan, Felipe Rodriguez de Castro, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mannose-binding lectin and mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 in susceptibility, severity, and outcome of pneumonia in adults."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Allergy Clin Immunol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jaci.2008.05.037"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2008.05.037"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18582923"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18582923"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 24, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Luregn J Schlapbach, Christoph Aebi, Urs Fisch, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Higher cord blood levels of mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 in infants with necrotising enterocolitis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pediatr Res (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181841335"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181841335"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18596574"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18596574"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 25, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Henriette Ytting, Ib Jarle Christensen, Steffen Thiel, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pre- and postoperative levels in serum of mannan-binding lectin associated serine protease-2 -a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Immunol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.humimm.2008.05.005"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2008.05.005"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18638656"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18638656"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 26, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "I Hamad, A C Hunter, J Szebeni, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Poly(ethylene glycol)s generate complement activation products in human serum through increased alternative pathway turnover and a MASP-2-dependent process."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Immunol (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molimm.2008.08.276"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2008.08.276"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18849076"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18849076"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 27, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Liesbet Henckaerts, Kaspar R Nielsen, Rudi Steffensen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes predispose to bacteremia and death in the medical intensive care unit."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Crit Care Med (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819263d8"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819263d8"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19050632"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19050632"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 28, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Steffen Thiel, Martin Kolev, Søren Degn, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Polymorphisms in mannan-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine protease 2 affect stability, binding to MBL, and enzymatic activity."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.0802053"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0802053"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19234189"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19234189"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 29, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Anna St Swierzko, Maciej Cedzynski, Iwona Domzalska-Popadiuk, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-2 (MASP-2) in a large cohort of neonates and its clinical associations."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Immunol (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molimm.2009.02.022"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2009.02.022"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19307021"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19307021"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 30, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bert-Jan F de Rooij, Bart van Hoek, W Rogier ten Hove, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lectin complement pathway gene profile of donor and recipient determine the risk of bacterial infections after orthotopic liver transplantation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hepatology (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/hep.23782"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.23782"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20593422"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20593422"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 31, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "H Ytting, I J Christensen, R Steffensen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) genotypes in colorectal cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Scand J Immunol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02480.x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02480.x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21198752"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21198752"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 32, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kristelle S Brown, Michael J Keogh, Ania M Owsianka, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Specific interaction of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins with mannan binding lectin inhibits virus entry."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Protein Cell (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s13238-010-0088-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13238-010-0088-9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21203938"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21203938"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 33, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Angelica B W Boldt, Paola R Luz, Iara J T Messias-Reason "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MASP2 haplotypes are associated with high risk of cardiomyopathy in chronic Chagas disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Immunol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.clim.2011.03.008"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2011.03.008"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21489885"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21489885"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 34, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Siumara Tulio, Fabio R Faucz, Renata I Werneck, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MASP2 gene polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to hepatitis C virus infection."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hum Immunol (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.humimm.2011.06.016"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2011.06.016"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21843573"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21843573"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 35, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Søren E Degn, Steffen Thiel, Ole Nielsen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MAp19, the alternative splice product of the MASP2 gene."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol Methods (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jim.2011.08.006"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2011.08.006"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21871896"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21871896"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 36, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jeffrey Damman, Julian L Kok, Harold Snieder, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lectin complement pathway gene profile of the donor and recipient does not influence graft outcome after kidney transplantation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Immunol (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molimm.2011.11.009"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2011.11.009"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22173059"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22173059"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 37, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ming Zhang, Yunfang Joan Hou, Erdal Cavusoglu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MASP-2 activation is involved in ischemia-related necrotic myocardial injury in humans."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cardiol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.11.032"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.11.032"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22178059"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22178059"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 38, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ying Jie Ma, Mikkel-Ole Skjoedt, Peter Garred "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Collectin-11/MASP complex formation triggers activation of the lectin complement pathway--the fifth lectin pathway initiation complex."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Innate Immun (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1159/000345356"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1159/000345356"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23220946"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23220946"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 39, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Søren E Degn, Lisbeth Jensen, Tomasz Olszowski, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Co-complexes of MASP-1 and MASP-2 associated with the soluble pattern-recognition molecules drive lectin pathway activation in a manner inhibitable by MAp44."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Immunol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.4049/jimmunol.1300780"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1300780"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23785123"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23785123"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 40, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Leslie Foldager, Ole Köhler, Rudi Steffensen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bipolar and panic disorders may be associated with hereditary defects in the innate immune system."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Affect Disord (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.017"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.017"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24856568"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24856568"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 41, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mengshi Chen, Jing Deng, Congxu Su, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Impact of passive smoking, cooking with solid fuel exposure, and MBL/MASP-2 gene polymorphism upon susceptibility to tuberculosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Infect Dis (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.ijid.2014.08.010"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.08.010"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25312983"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25312983"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 42, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "L Jenny, R Ajjan, R King, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Plasma levels of mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases MASP-1 and MASP-2 are elevated in type 1 diabetes and correlate with glycaemic control."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Exp Immunol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1111/cei.12574"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.12574"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25533914"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25533914"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 43, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Marcia H Beltrame, Angelica B W Boldt, Sandra J Catarino, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs) and infectious diseases."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mol Immunol (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.molimm.2015.03.245"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2015.03.245"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25862418"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25862418"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 44, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mengshi Chen, Ying Liang, Wufei Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Impact of MBL and MASP-2 gene polymorphism and its interaction on susceptibility to tuberculosis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Infect Dis (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12879-015-0879-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-0879-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25887173"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25887173"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 45, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Déla Golshayan, Agnieszka Wójtowicz, Stéphanie Bibert, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Polymorphisms in the lectin pathway of complement activation influence the incidence of acute rejection and graft outcome after kidney transplantation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Kidney Int (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.kint.2015.11.025"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2015.11.025"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26924055"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26924055"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 46, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "E Soemirien Kasanmoentalib, Mercedes Valls Seron, Bart Ferwerda, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 2 (MASP-2) contributes to poor disease outcome in humans and mice with pneumococcal meningitis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neuroinflammation (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12974-016-0770-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-016-0770-9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28086930"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28086930"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 47, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Stéphanie Bibert, Jocelyne Piret, Mathieu Quinodoz, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Herpes simplex encephalitis in adult patients with MASP-2 deficiency."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Pathog (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1008168"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008168"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31869396"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31869396"}]}]}]}