{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies have identified MBNL1‐AS1 as a crucial long non‐coding RNA involved in the modulation of tumorigenesis in various cancers. In non‐small cell lung cancer, its potential role is under investigation, whereas in bladder cancer, downregulation of MBNL1‐AS1 is linked to enhanced cell proliferation, accelerated cell cycle progression, and reduced apoptosis – effects mediated through the miR‑135a/PHLPP2/FOXO1 axis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn other malignancies, MBNL1‐AS1 consistently functions as a tumor suppressor by modulating key signaling pathways via microRNA sponging. In prostate cancer, overexpression of MBNL1‐AS1 inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by sequestering miR‑181a‑5p, thereby upregulating PTEN and dampening the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade. Similarly, in gastric cancer its downregulation fuels tumor growth and metastasis through the miR‑424‑5p/Smad7 axis with consequent activation of TGF‑β/EMT signaling. In breast cancer, two independent studies have demonstrated that lower levels of MBNL1‑AS1 promote proliferation, invasion, migration, and even glycolytic metabolism by targeting miR‑423‑5p (affecting CREBZF) and miR‑889‑3p (modulating KLF9), respectively. Moreover, in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, MBNL1‑AS1 overexpression curtails cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition by downregulating miR‑301b‑3p, and in colorectal cancer, it suppresses tumor cell growth by sponging miR‑129c‑13p to stabilize BVES mRNA."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nOutside of oncogenesis, MBNL1‐AS1 is also linked to non‐cancerous pathologies. The broader muscleblind‐like protein family, including MBNL1, is critical for RNA splicing during muscle and neuronal differentiation, with its inactivation being a hallmark of myotonic dystrophy and related neuromuscular and cardiac dysfunctions. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests a role for MBNL1‐AS1 in cardiovascular pathology, including myocardial infarction, where it may help regulate cellular responses during tissue injury."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Peng Li, Wenqun Xing, Jinliang Xu, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LncRNA MBNL1-AS1 represses cell proliferation and enhances cell apoptosis via targeting miR-135a-5p/PHLPP2/FOXO1 axis in bladder cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Med (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/cam4.2684"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2684"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31769229"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31769229"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiang Ding, Xu Xu, Xue-Feng He, et al. 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