{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMERTK, a member of the TAM (Tyro3‐Axl–Mer) receptor tyrosine kinase family, is integral to the recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells in diverse tissues. By binding bridging ligands such as Gas6, Protein S, tubby, and galectin‐3, MERTK triggers signaling cascades that promote cytoskeletal remodeling and efficient efferocytosis by macrophages and microglia. In doing so, it not only mediates the noninflammatory removal of dying cells but also contributes to the resolution of inflammation in organs as varied as the lung, heart, and brain. Abnormalities in MERTK‐driven clearance mechanisms have been implicated in pathological scenarios ranging from neurodegenerative plaque accumulation to defective cardiac repair."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAberrant activation or overexpression of MERTK has been documented in multiple malignancies where it fuels oncogenic signaling. In cancers such as non–small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and various leukemias, MERTK engages pathways including MAPK, AKT, and STAT to enhance tumor cell survival, proliferation, and chemoresistance. In addition, MERTK activity can promote immune evasion via upregulation of checkpoints, thus contributing to a tumor‐supportive microenvironment and marking it as an attractive candidate for targeted therapies."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "14", "end_ref": "22"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMERTK function is critical for retinal integrity. In the retinal pigment epithelium, MERTK‐dependent phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments is essential for normal visual function. Mutations in MERTK, including loss‐of‐function alleles and defects caused by altered splicing, have been causally linked to retinal dystrophies such as retinitis pigmentosa and Leber congenital amaurosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "23", "end_ref": "27"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond efferocytosis, MERTK modulates immune homeostasis by attenuating proinflammatory signals and influencing the polarization of antigen‐presenting cells. Its activation suppresses Toll-like receptor–induced responses and can regulate platelet activation and thrombus formation, further underscoring its multifaceted role in immune modulation and vascular biology."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "28", "end_ref": "34"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMERTK signaling is also implicated in fibrotic remodeling and the progression of chronic inflammatory diseases. In atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and liver failure, dysregulated MERTK activity—including its aberrant proteolytic cleavage into a soluble decoy form—impairs efferocytosis and contributes to plaque necrosis as well as fibrogenic activation in the liver and heart. 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