{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMicroRNA‐101, encoded by the MIR101‐2 locus, functions predominantly as a tumor suppressor whose expression is frequently downregulated in diverse malignancies. Several studies show that loss or reduced expression of miR‐101 contributes to cancer progression by de‐repressing key epigenetic regulators such as enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and oncogenic transcription factors like FOS. In hepatocellular carcinoma and retinoblastoma, for example, diminished miR‐101 levels relieve inhibition of EZH2, facilitating chromatin modifications that promote aggressive tumor phenotypes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its role in epigenetic regulation, miR‐101 exerts control over several signaling pathways that regulate proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance. By directly targeting genes involved in inflammatory responses (e.g. cyclooxygenase‐2), signal transduction proteins (such as those in the MAPK/ERK and AP‐1 pathways), and various oncogenic factors including those that mediate cell motility (for example, CXCR7 and BICC1), miR‐101 limits tumor aggressiveness in cancers ranging from bladder and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to colorectal and gallbladder cancer. These findings underscore the importance of miR‐101 in curbing aberrant cell growth and metastatic potential by orchestrating multiple molecular networks."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "6", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its direct tumor‐suppressive activities, miR‐101 is integrated into broader regulatory circuits that modulate therapy resistance and metabolic pathways in several cancers, including breast cancer, glioblastoma, and other solid tumors. It participates in intricate feedback loops—often involving ceRNA networks with long non‐coding RNAs—that regulate critical cellular processes such as autophagy, apoptotic response, and drug sensitivity. 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