{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMIR10B is emerging as a potent oncogenic microRNA whose aberrant overexpression has been reported in several malignancies. In breast cancer, for example, MIR10B is induced by the transcription factor Twist and suppresses the translation of the tumor‐suppressive homeobox gene HOXD10, thereby unleashing pro‐metastatic effectors such as RHOC. Similar observations in glioma reveal that increased MIR10B levels correlate with higher tumor grade and invasive behavior, reinforcing its role as a driver of cancer aggressiveness and metastasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its upregulation, MIR10B functions by directly targeting critical tumor suppressors. In glioblastoma, for instance, suppression of HOXD10 by MIR10B leads to enhanced expression of invasion‐associated proteins, while its high levels are linked to diminished apoptosis and unchecked cell cycle progression. Furthermore, in certain breast cancer models, MIR10B downregulates syndecan-1, thereby modulating cytoskeletal dynamics via Rho GTPase–dependent signaling and promoting an invasive phenotype."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "4", "end_ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn gastrointestinal malignancies, MIR10B also serves as both a functional mediator and a potential diagnostic biomarker. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, elevated MIR10B expression marks aggressive disease and functions, in part, by downregulating TIP30 to promote epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and cross-talk with transforming growth factor‑β pathways. In gastric tumors, MIR10B-mediated suppression of HOXD10 activates RhoC and AKT signaling, fostering cell migration and invasion. Moreover, in colorectal cancer, higher circulating levels of MIR10B correlate with chemoresistance and lymph node metastasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "7", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond gastrointestinal and brain tumors, MIR10B is implicated in additional cancer types. In oral cancer, its elevated expression in both tumor tissues and plasma is linked to enhanced cell migration and invasion. Likewise, in bladder cancer, MIR10B overexpression promotes aggressive behavior by targeting transcriptional regulators such as KLF4 and HOXD10, which in turn affects downstream effectors like E-cadherin and MMP14, thereby facilitating metastatic progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMoreover, MIR10B contributes to tumor immune evasion and stem-like properties in cancer. In breast cancer, for example, MIR10B directly targets MICB, a stress-induced ligand recognized by natural killer cells, thereby impairing immune-mediated tumor clearance. In aggressive glioblastoma subtypes and cancer stem cells, MIR10B suppresses multiple tumor suppressors—including TP53, FOXO3, and others—promoting invasive growth, angiogenesis, and overall tumor progression."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "14", "end_ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Li Ma, Julie Teruya-Feldstein, Robert A Weinberg "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tumour invasion and metastasis initiated by microRNA-10b in breast cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nature (2007)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/nature06174"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06174"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "17898713"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17898713"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Takashi Sasayama, Masamitsu Nishihara, Takeshi Kondoh, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-10b is overexpressed in malignant glioma and associated with tumor invasive factors, uPAR and RhoC."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2009)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.24522"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24522"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "19536818"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19536818"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Yanyan Tian, Aiping Luo, Yiran Cai, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-10b promotes migration and invasion through KLF4 in human esophageal cancer cell lines."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Biol Chem (2010)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1074/jbc.M109.062877"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.062877"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "20075075"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20075075"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Lihua Sun, Wei Yan, Yingyi Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-10b induces glioma cell invasion by modulating MMP-14 and uPAR expression via HOXD10."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Brain Res (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.brainres.2011.03.013"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2011.03.013"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21419107"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21419107"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Galina Gabriely, Ming Yi, Ravi S Narayan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Human glioma growth is controlled by microRNA-10b."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Res (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3568"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-3568"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21471404"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21471404"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sherif A Ibrahim, George W Yip, Christian Stock, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Targeting of syndecan-1 by microRNA miR-10b promotes breast cancer cell motility and invasiveness via a Rho-GTPase- and E-cadherin-dependent mechanism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Cancer (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/ijc.27629"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27629"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22573479"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22573479"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Meir Preis, Timothy B Gardner, Stuart R Gordon, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-10b expression correlates with response to neoadjuvant therapy and survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clin Cancer Res (2011)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0695"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-0695"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "21652542"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21652542"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 8, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhuo Liu, Jiaming Zhu, Hong Cao, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-10b promotes cell invasion through RhoC-AKT signaling pathway by targeting HOXD10 in gastric cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Oncol (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/ijo.2012.1342"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2012.1342"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22293682"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22293682"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 9, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Naohiro Nishida, Shinya Yamashita, Koshi Mimori, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-10b is a prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer and confers resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ann Surg Oncol (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1245/s10434-012-2246-1"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-012-2246-1"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22322955"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22322955"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 10, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Weijie Chen, Fengfeng Cai, Bei Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The level of circulating miRNA-10b and miRNA-373 in detecting lymph node metastasis of breast cancer: potential biomarkers."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tumour Biol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s13277-012-0570-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-012-0570-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23238818"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23238818"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 11, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ya-Ching Lu, Yin-Ju Chen, Hung-Ming Wang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogenic function and early detection potential of miRNA-10b in oral cancer as identified by microRNA profiling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cancer Prev Res (Phila) (2012)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0358"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0358"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "22318752"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22318752"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 12, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Melissa L Hancock, Nicolas Preitner, Jie Quan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-132 is enriched in developing axons, locally regulates Rasa1 mRNA, and promotes axon extension."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurosci (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3371-13.2014"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3371-13.2014"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24381269"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24381269"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 13, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Haibing Xiao, Heng Li, Gan Yu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-10b promotes migration and invasion through KLF4 and HOXD10 in human bladder cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncol Rep (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3892/or.2014.3048"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3048"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "24573354"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24573354"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 14, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Fadila Guessous, Melissa Alvarado-Velez, Lukasz Marcinkiewicz, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Oncogenic effects of miR-10b in glioblastoma stem cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Neurooncol (2013)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s11060-013-1047-0"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-013-1047-0"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "23307328"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23307328"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 15, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Andrew G Hoss, Adam Labadorf, Jeanne C Latourelle, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-10b-5p expression in Huntington's disease brain relates to age of onset and the extent of striatal involvement."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "BMC Med Genomics (2015)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12920-015-0083-3"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-015-0083-3"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25889241"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25889241"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 16, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Rachid El Fatimy, Shaomin Li, Zhicheng Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-132 provides neuroprotection for tauopathies via multiple signaling pathways."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Acta Neuropathol (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s00401-018-1880-5"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-018-1880-5"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29982852"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29982852"}]}]}]}