{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), miR‑1180 is markedly upregulated and acts in an oncogenic manner. Its increased expression confers resistance to apoptosis by directly downregulating multiple key regulators, including inhibitors of the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‑κB) pathway (OTUD7B and TNIP2) as well as the pro‑apoptotic protein BAD, thereby promoting NF‑κB pathway activation and tumor cell survival. In addition, miR‑1180 enhances cell proliferation by suppressing TNIP2, and its expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes and enrichment of cancer‑related signaling cascades such as Ras and MAPK. A DNA methylation–mediated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network involving miR‑1180 further underscores its role in HCC tumorigenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn contrast, in bladder cancer, miR‑1180‑5p expression is significantly reduced compared with normal urothelial cells. Restoration of miR‑1180‑5p levels induces the tumor-suppressive gene p21, leading to cell cycle arrest through the downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4 and CDK6) and cyclins (Cyclin D1 and Cyclin A2), which in turn suppresses cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth in vivo."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nSimilarly, in colorectal cancer (CRC), miR‑1180‑3p is downregulated in patient tissues, blood, and cell lines relative to normal counterparts. Lower miR‑1180‑3p levels are significantly associated with features of aggressiveness, such as vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM stage, while its overexpression reduces cell proliferation and migratory capacity and promotes apoptosis via targeting COL12A1. These findings support a tumor‑suppressive role for miR‑1180‑3p in CRC and highlight its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Guosheng Tan, Linwei Wu, Jinfu Tan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiR-1180 promotes apoptotic resistance to human hepatocellular carcinoma via activation of NF-κB signaling pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/srep22328"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22328"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "26928365"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26928365"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xu Zhou, Hua-Qiang Zhu, Chao-Qun Ma, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiR-1180 promoted the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by repressing TNIP2 expression."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biomed Pharmacother (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.biopha.2016.02.025"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.02.025"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27044843"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27044843"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Z H Zhou, X G Zhou, Z W Zhou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "[Integrated analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma to construct miR-1180-3p relevant ceRNA regulatory network]."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20200103-00003"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20200103-00003"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32660176"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32660176"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Zihan Zhou, Xianguo Zhou, Yanji Jiang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clinical significance of miR-1180-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma: a study based on bioinformatics analysis and RT-qPCR validation."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Sci Rep (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1038/s41598-020-68450-z"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68450-z"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32665670"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32665670"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qiangqiang Ge, Chenghe Wang, Zhong Chen, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The suppressive effects of miR-1180-5p on the proliferation and tumorigenicity of bladder cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Histol Histopathol (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.14670/HH-11-772"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-11-772"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27112784"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27112784"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Chunlei Li, Wei Jin, Dewei Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Clinical significance of microRNA-1180-3p for colorectal cancer and effect of its alteration on cell function."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Bioengineered (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/21655979.2021.1997694"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2021.1997694"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34723759"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34723759"}]}]}]}