{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCardiovascular research has increasingly focused on the role of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers, particularly in conditions where clinical presentations are diverse and conventional diagnostic tools are limited. For instance, circulating miRNAs have been explored to improve the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism, a disease that often presents diagnostic challenges, as well as in differentiating acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) from pulmonary embolism complications."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nWithin this expanding field, hsa‐miR‐1233‐3p (referred to here as MIR1233-2) has been identified to play a precise regulatory role in cardiovascular biology. Bioinformatic analysis and in vitro reporter assays demonstrated that MIR1233-2 binds to a specific target site located in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) mRNA. This binding is allele‐specific: the presence of the rs1054564‐G allele enhances the binding affinity of MIR1233-2, thereby leading to stronger translational suppression of GDF15. In contrast, the rs1054564‐C allele partially abolishes this suppression, indicating that MIR1233-2 contributes to post‐transcriptional regulation of GDF15 levels, a protein strongly associated with cardiovascular events and mortality."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAlthough other studies have highlighted different regulatory mechanisms in immune cell function and inflammatory responses—such as those mediated by long non-coding RNAs in B cell activation—MIR1233-2’s function appears to be specifically tied to controlling GDF15 expression. Through its allele-specific action, MIR1233-2 emerges as a significant molecular player potentially influencing cardiovascular outcomes and may serve as a valuable biomarker in a clinical setting where the evaluation of miRNA profiles is becoming increasingly relevant."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Thorsten Kessler, Jeanette Erdmann, Baiba Vilne, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Serum microRNA-1233 is a specific biomarker for diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Transl Med (2016)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s12967-016-0886-9"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-016-0886-9"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "27150028"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27150028"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ling Peng, Li Han, Xiao-Ning Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Predictive Value of microRNA-134 and microRNA-1233 for the Early Diagnosis of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Acute Pulmonary Embolism."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.2147/COPD.S266021"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S266021"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33116466"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33116466"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ming-Sheng Teng, Lung-An Hsu, Shu-Hui Juan, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "A GDF15 3' UTR variant, rs1054564, results in allele-specific translational repression of GDF15 by hsa-miR-1233-3p."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS One (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pone.0183187"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183187"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28806401"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28806401"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Faming Wang, Yao Luo, Le Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Down-regulation of LncRNA 2900052N01Rik inhibits LPS-induced B cell function in vitro."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Immunol (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104321"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104321"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33773377"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33773377"}]}]}]}