{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAccumulating evidence from diverse malignancies indicates that miR‑1298 functions predominantly as a tumor suppressor. In KRAS‐driven cancers, for example, miR‑1298 inhibits cell growth by targeting the tyrosine kinase FAK and the laminin subunit LAMB3, while in non‐small cell lung cancer its regulation via the circular RNA circ_0003028 modulates GOT2 expression. In bladder cancer, overexpression of miR‑1298 suppresses proliferation and invasiveness by directly downregulating connexin 43, and similar tumor‐suppressive effects are observed in breast and cervical cancers via repression of ADAM9 and ONECUT2, respectively. Moreover, in glioma, reduced expression of miR‑1298‑3p correlates with poor survival, with its restoration triggering apoptosis and reducing invasiveness through targeting of nidogen‑1; intriguingly, glioma cells may also secrete miR‑1298‑5p in exosomes that influence the tumor microenvironment by engaging distinct targets. Additionally, in gastric cancer, Helicobacter pylori–induced downregulation of miR‑1298‑5p contributes to enhanced MAP2K6/p38 MAPK signaling, while competing endogenous RNAs that sponge miR‑1298‑5p (such as circ_0119412) relieve repression of ZBED3, further indicating a critical role for this miRNA in mitigating oncogenic signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its roles in cancer, miR‑1298 also modulates several non‑malignant pathologies. In the setting of peripheral vascular disease—specifically arteriosclerosis obliterans—miR‑1298 is significantly downregulated in affected human arteries, implicating it in vascular homeostasis. In sepsis‑induced acute lung injury, elevated levels of exosomal miR‑1298‑5p promote epithelial permeability and inflammatory responses by directly targeting SOCS6 and engaging the STAT3 pathway. Likewise, in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, diminished miR‑1298 correlates with increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas overexpression of miR‑1298 confers protection by repressing PP2A activity and restoring pro‑survival AMPK signaling. Furthermore, in disorders of inflammation and reproduction, miR‑1298‑5p levels are aberrantly regulated—contributing to rheumatoid arthritis via modulation of E2F1 (with long noncoding RNAs such as OSER1‑AS1 acting as sponges) and influencing autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells (through targeting of glutathione‑disulfide reductase) in polycystic ovary syndrome."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "11", "end_ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCollectively, these studies underscore the multifaceted and context‑dependent functions of miR‑1298. Whether acting to restrain oncogenic pathways in cancers or modulating processes such as autophagy, inflammation, and cell survival in cardiovascular and reproductive disorders, miR‑1298 emerges as a critical regulator of cellular homeostasis. Its diverse target interactions—including modulation of kinases, junction proteins, and transcription factors—highlight miR‑1298’s potential utility both as a diagnostic biomarker and as a therapeutic target across a spectrum of diseases."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ying Zhou, Jason Dang, Kung-Yen Chang, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-1298 is downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer and suppresses tumor progression in tumor cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Diagn Pathol (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1186/s13000-019-0911-4"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13000-019-0911-4"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31801557"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31801557"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaohe Xu, Yunchao Ban, Zilong Zhao, et al. 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