{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent evidence indicates that the microRNA encoded by MIR133A1HG, represented as miR-133a, functions as a potent tumor suppressor in several malignancies. In glioma, miR-133a is markedly downregulated relative to normal brain tissue, concomitant with an upregulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). This imbalance leads to the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, thereby promoting glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis. Restoration of miR-133a levels suppresses CTGF expression and dampens JAK/STAT pathway activation, resulting in inhibited colony formation and enhanced apoptotic activity—findings that correlate with improved patient prognosis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMoreover, meta-analyses of digestive system cancers further underscore the tumor‐suppressive role of miR‐133a. Elevated miR‐133a expression in cancers such as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric, colorectal, and hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with better overall survival and robust diagnostic performance, as demonstrated by high area under the ROC curve values. Collectively, these studies highlight that miR-133a—implicated by its host gene MIR133A1HG—serves as a critical negative regulator of oncogenic processes, offering promising prognostic and therapeutic potential across diverse cancer types."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Peng Zhang, Fang-Zhou Chen, Qing-Bin Jia, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Upregulation of microRNA-133a and downregulation of connective tissue growth factor suppress cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in human glioma through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "IUBMB Life (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/iub.2126"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/iub.2126"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "31381269"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31381269"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Wei Zhu, Xiaoliang Ji "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "The Impact of MicroRNA-133a on Prognosis and Clinicopathological Parameters for Digestive System Cancers: a Comprehensive Study Based on Meta-Analysis and TCGA Database."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pathol Oncol Res (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s12253-019-00619-y"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12253-019-00619-y"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30810894"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30810894"}]}]}]}