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In the midbrain, miR‐133b participates in a negative feedback circuit with the transcription factor Pitx3, thereby modulating the maturation and function of dopaminergic neurons—a finding that has significant implications for Parkinson’s disease pathology."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In skeletal and cardiac muscle, it is co‐expressed with other muscle‐specific RNAs to regulate myoblast differentiation and contractile function."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, miR‐133b is differentially expressed in immune subsets such as Th17 cells, where its co‐regulation with the Il17a/f locus marks a specific signature of IL‑17–producing immune responses"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and its perturbation in cardiac tissues has been linked with abnormal ion channel expression contributing to arrhythmogenic phenotypes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In genetic variant analyses, no strong association of polymorphisms in miR‐133b with Parkinson’s disease was found, suggesting that its regulatory role is predominantly post‐transcriptional."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn a wide spectrum of human cancers—including esophageal, gastric, lung, prostate, colorectal, osteosarcoma, bladder and breast carcinomas—miR‐133b is frequently downregulated, and its restoration has been shown to suppress tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and enhance apoptosis. 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