{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nA growing body of evidence highlights miR‑137 as a critical tumor‐suppressive regulator that impinges on diverse oncogenic processes. In melanoma, miR‑137 was shown to inhibit ferroptosis through direct targeting of the glutamine transporter SLC1A5 while also down‐regulating MITF, thereby impacting melanocyte biology and melanoma susceptibility. In other cancer types – including glioblastoma, uveal melanoma, colorectal, lung, gastric, hepatocellular, ovarian, breast cancers and multiple myeloma – reduced miR‑137 expression correlates with enhanced proliferation, invasion, stem cell–like properties and metabolic reprogramming. Mechanistically, miR‑137 modulates oncogenesis by directly repressing key targets such as cell cycle regulators (e.g. CDC42 and CDK6), signaling effectors (AKT2, DUSP4, FSTL1) and proteins involved in alternative splicing (affecting the PKM switch) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (via PXN and other molecules). Epigenetic mechanisms—including promoter methylation—further contribute to its decreased expression in tumors, while restoration of miR‑137 levels can sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy and diminish tumorigenic potential in vivo."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "26"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its roles in tumorigenesis, miR‑137 is highly enriched in the brain where it plays indispensable functions in neural development, synaptic maturation, and cognitive processes. Genetic variants and epigenetic alterations affecting the MIR137 locus are among the most robust risk factors linked to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, with evidence that risk alleles are associated with altered dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation, earlier age at psychosis onset and white matter abnormalities. Moreover, dysregulation of miR‑137 has been implicated in neurodegenerative processes relevant to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases by modulating targets such as CACNA1C, TCF4 and BDNF, thereby influencing tau phosphorylation and neuronal signaling. These findings underscore a dual role for miR‑137 in governing both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative pathways, with widespread implications for psychiatric and cognitive dysfunction."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "27", "end_ref": "35"}, {"type": "fg_f", "ref": "24"}, {"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "36", "end_ref": "40"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Meiying Luo, Longfei Wu, Kexin Zhang, et al. 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