{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nmiR‐153–1 plays a multifaceted role in cancer progression by tightly modulating key oncogenic and tumor‐suppressive pathways. In several malignancies—including prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, breast, ovarian, hepatocellular, glioma, retinoblastoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma and liver cancer—altered miR‐153 expression has been linked to the regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell invasion and metastatic potential. In these contexts, miR‐153–1 frequently acts as a tumor suppressor by directly targeting oncogenic factors such as FOXO3a, SNAI1, ZEB2, ADAM19, Rictor, Bcl‐2, IGF1R and KLF5. Moreover, its activity is commonly modulated by sponging interactions with long noncoding and circular RNAs (for example, CASC15, circRBMS3, KCNQ1OT1 and others), which further fine‐tune oncogenic signaling pathways and affect tumor cell stemness."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its impact on cell motility and differentiation, miR‐153–1 also modulates the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. For instance, in hepatocellular carcinoma its upregulation has been associated with reduced drug efficacy through modulation of the PTEN/FOXO1 axis, while in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma miR‐153–1 enhances cisplatin sensitivity by targeting Nrf2. Furthermore, in colorectal and pancreatic cancers miR‐153–1 affects autophagy and apoptosis—via targeting molecules like Bcl‐2 and Snail—to reverse resistance to oxaliplatin and gemcitabine."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "17", "end_ref": "20"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond oncogenesis, miR‐153–1 is implicated in a range of other biological and pathological processes through its diverse regulatory networks. In neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy, miR‐153–1 (operating together with miR‐7) regulates α‐synuclein translation, thereby influencing neuronal survival and inflammatory responses. Its ability to target components of the TGF‐β pathway (via TGFBR2) also positions miR‐153–1 as an anti‐fibrotic agent in pulmonary fibrosis. 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