{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn melanoma, miR‐1908 is a key component of a convergent microRNA network that promotes metastatic invasion, angiogenesis, and colonization through targeting molecules such as apolipoprotein E and DNAJA4 (‐."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nAdditional studies in bone and brain tumors support an oncogenic role for miR‐1908. In osteosarcoma, its aberrant upregulation enhances cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth by directly repressing tumor suppressors (e.g., phosphatase and tensin homolog) and through modulation via the splicing factor SRSF3 and subsequent NF‑κB/NKIRAS2 signaling. Similarly, in glioma elevated miR‐1908 levels correlate with shorter patient survival by promoting proliferation, invasion and resistance to apoptosis via regulation of the SPRY4/RAF1 axis. Moreover, in cervical cancer upregulation of miR‐1908 increases cell growth and invasion by targeting histone deacetylase 10, while its clinical significance in breast cancer remains under investigation (‐."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "3", "end_ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn a contrasting tumor context, miR‐1908 acts as a tumor suppressor in non‐small cell lung cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation. It achieves this by activating the ribosomal protein–p53 pathway via the direct targeting of AKT1S1, a molecule that normally suppresses p53 signaling (‐."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond oncology, miR‐1908 modulates diverse cellular and physiological processes. In human adipocytes, its levels increase during adipogenesis where it impedes terminal differentiation while enhancing cell proliferation, suggesting a role in metabolic regulation and obesity. In hepatocyte models, altered miR‐1908 expression affects energy homeostasis through modulation of key regulators such as AKT, mTOR, AMPK and its upstream kinase LKB1, and also impacts autophagy and mitochondrial function. Moreover, miR‐1908 influences tissue remodeling – in scar formation, it targets the scar suppressor Ski, thereby regulating fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition and inflammatory marker expression; its involvement in renal fibrosis is also under exploration. In erythropoiesis, miR‐1908‐5p targets glycosyltransferases A and B, modulating the expression of blood group antigens and potentially contributing to weak phenotypes observed in certain conditions (‐."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "10", "end_ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCirculating miR‐1908 levels also have potential as noninvasive biomarkers. Altered serum profiles have been associated with prognostic outcomes in high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma and with mood state changes in bipolar disorder, where lower levels are observed during depressive episodes. Furthermore, integrative genomic analyses have linked autoimmune disease risk alleles in Crohn’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis to changes in miR‐1908 expression, while in nasopharyngeal carcinoma m6A‐modified miR‐1908‐5p regulates key oncogenic pathways. Together, these findings highlight the multifaceted roles of miR‐1908 in health and disease (‐."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "15", "end_ref": "18"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Nora Pencheva, Hien Tran, Colin Buss, et al. 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