{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMicroRNAs, as key regulators of gene expression, have been shown to influence a wide range of biological processes and diseases. miR‑190b, in particular, has emerged as a multifunctional molecule with context‐dependent roles. In gastric cancer, its potential involvement in modulating radio‑sensitivity has been assessed, highlighting a possible role in affecting treatment responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Similarly, in osteosarcoma models, overexpression of miR‑190b inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis by modulating cell cycle inhibitors and apoptotic factors, underscoring its tumor‑suppressive capacity."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn the realm of metabolic disease, miR‑190b has been implicated in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Increased expression of miR‑190b in patient liver tissues and NAFLD models contributed to lipid accumulation and insulin resistance via direct targeting of IGF‑1 and ADAMTS9. Notably, knockdown of miR‑190b alleviated hepatic steatosis and improved insulin signaling, suggesting that its inhibition could be therapeutically beneficial."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn lung cancer models, miR‑190b was identified as a novel tumor suppressor. Its overexpression led to significant suppression of malignant progression through targeting of the Hus1 gene, thereby impeding tumorigenesis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Furthermore, mechanistic studies in HeLa cells have demonstrated that miR‑190b contributes to endoplasmic reticulum stress‑induced apoptosis by acting as an effector of Xbp1 splicing. The inhibition of miR‑190b attenuated this apoptotic pathway, indicating a crucial role in cell stress responses."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its functional roles in cellular processes, differential expression of miR‑190b has clinical implications. In endometrial cancer, its expression, together with that of miR‑375, helped distinguish high‑grade tumors from lower‑grade disease, suggesting utility as a grading verification marker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Likewise, in prostate cancer, significant down‑regulation of miR‑190b in both plasma and tissue samples has been associated with disease progression, supporting its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Changzheng Wang, Chuanhu Qiao "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-190b confers radio-sensitivity through negative regulation of Bcl-2 in gastric cancer cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biotechnol Lett (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s10529-016-2273-2"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-016-2273-2"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "28044223"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28044223"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mingyang Kang, Peng Xia, Tingting Hou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-190b inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2 in U2OS osteosarcoma cells."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Pharmazie (2017)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1691/ph.2017.6921"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1691/ph.2017.6921"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29441873"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29441873"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Min Xu, Xi-Ming Zheng, Fang Jiang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MicroRNA-190b regulates lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity by targeting IGF-1 and ADAMTS9 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Biochem (2018)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1002/jcb.26776"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.26776"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "29575055"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29575055"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Hui Hong, Shun Yao, Yuanyuan Zhang, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "In vivo miRNA knockout screening identifies miR-190b as a novel tumor suppressor."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "PLoS Genet (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1371/journal.pgen.1009168"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009168"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33137086"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33137086"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Roberto Ambra, Sonia Manca, Guido Leoni, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Involvement of miR-190b in Xbp1 mRNA Splicing upon Tocotrienol Treatment."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Molecules (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/molecules26010163"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010163"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33396504"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33396504"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Miłosz Pietrus, Michał Seweryn, Przemysław Kapusta, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Low Expression of miR-375 and miR-190b Differentiates Grade 3 Patients with Endometrial Cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biomolecules (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/biom11020274"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11020274"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33668431"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33668431"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 7, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Mohd Mabood Khan, Mohammad Serajuddin, Mausumi Bharadwaj "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Potential plasma microRNAs signature miR-190b-5p, miR-215-5p and miR-527 as non-invasive biomarkers for prostate cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biomarkers (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1080/1354750X.2022.2163694"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/1354750X.2022.2163694"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "36644827"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36644827"}]}]}]}