{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nShroom3 is a key cytoskeletal effector that coordinates epithelial cell shape changes during developmental morphogenesis. In several studies, it has been shown to induce apical constriction by recruiting and organizing actomyosin networks at the apical junctions of epithelial cells—events that are critical for neural tube closure and lens placode invagination. Mechanistically, Shroom3 interacts with ROCK kinases to ensure proper localization of phosphorylated myosin regulatory light chain and F‑actin, thereby generating the contractile forces needed for coordinated cell remodeling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its fundamental role in epithelial morphogenesis, Shroom3 participates in other developmental processes. It modulates asymmetric cell shape changes in the dorsal mesentery that are essential for gut rotation and works in concert with junctional proteins—such as N‑cadherin—to sustain left/right morphogenetic asymmetries. Furthermore, Shroom3 is integrated into intracellular inhibitory pathways in the central nervous system, where it partners with scaffold proteins like POSH and kinases such as LZK to mediate myelin‐dependent restriction of axon outgrowth."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its roles in epithelial and neural morphogenesis, Shroom3 also contributes to the proper development and function of other organs. It functions downstream of the planar cell polarity pathway to influence cardiomyocyte polarity and organization, with its deficiency leading to congenital heart defects. In the kidney, Shroom3 is essential for maintaining podocyte architecture and the integrity of the slit diaphragm, and genetic variants in SHROOM3 are associated with chronic kidney disease and adverse transplant outcomes."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "8", "end_ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Jeffrey D Hildebrand "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shroom regulates epithelial cell shape via the apical positioning of an actomyosin network."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "J Cell Sci (2005)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/jcs.02626"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.02626"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "16249236"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16249236"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Tamako Nishimura, Masatoshi Takeichi "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Shroom3-mediated recruitment of Rho kinases to the apical cell junctions regulates epithelial and neuroepithelial planar remodeling."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Development (2008)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/dev.019646"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.019646"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "18339671"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18339671"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Timothy F Plageman, Mei-I Chung, Ming Lou, et al. 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"}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "p120-catenin-dependent junctional recruitment of Shroom3 is required for apical constriction during lens pit morphogenesis."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Development (2014)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1242/dev.107433"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.107433"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "25038041"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25038041"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 6, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Heather M Dickson, Jonathan Zurawski, Huanqing Zhang, et al. 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