{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMicroRNAs have emerged as key regulators of tumorigenesis with context‐dependent functions. Several studies implicate miR-3174 as a potential tumor promoter in multiple malignancies. In hepatocellular carcinoma, for instance, miR-3174 is suggested to contribute to oncogenesis, and in rectal cancer, although its physiological function remains unclear, its overall profile hints at a tumor‐promoting role. In addition, a study in endometrial cancer focused primarily on LINC00958, with no direct evidence implicating miR-3174, highlighting the need for further investigation in this tumor type."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn contrast to its putative oncogenic role in some cancers, emerging evidence in glioblastoma demonstrates a tumor-suppressive function for miR-3174. Experimental data reveal that miR-3174 is downregulated in glioblastoma cells and tissues relative to normal brain tissue. Restoration of miR-3174 expression markedly inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and neurosphere formation via simultaneous downregulation of several tumor-promoting genes such as CD44, MDM2, RHOA, PLAU, and CDK6. These findings suggest that, in the context of glioblastoma, miR-3174 acts as an important inhibitor of tumor growth and could potentially be developed as a therapeutic agent."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nStudies in breast cancer further underscore the complex and context-specific role of miR-3174. In breast cancer cells, treatment with cisatracurium significantly reduced miR-3174 expression, which was associated with inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Downregulation of miR-3174 led to increased expression of tumor-suppressive factors such as p21 and a concurrent decrease in pro-proliferative markers like Cyclin D1, MMP-2, and MMP-9. Conversely, re-establishing miR-3174 levels reversed these effects, indicating its function as a tumor promoter in breast cancer."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qingyuan Wang, Xiao Yang, Xiao Zhou, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiR-3174 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by targeting FOXO1 in hepatocellular carcinoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.152"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.152"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "32279994"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32279994"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 2, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "D-L Zhang, N Yang "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "MiR-3174 functions as an oncogene in rectal cancer by targeting PCBD2."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci (2019)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.26355/eurrev_201903_17388"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_201903_17388"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "30964167"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30964167"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 3, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Q-Y Li, J-Q Shen, J-H Li, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "LINC00958/miR-3174/PHF6 axis is responsible for triggering proliferation, migration and invasion of endometrial cancer."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.26355/eurrev_202111_27233"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202111_27233"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "34859848"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34859848"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 4, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Farina Hanif, Ying Zhang, Collin Dube, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-3174 Is a New Tumor Suppressor MicroRNA That Inhibits Several Tumor-Promoting Genes in Glioblastoma."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Int J Mol Sci (2023)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.3390/ijms24119326"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119326"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "37298284"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37298284"}]}, {"type": "r", "ref": 5, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Xiaozhong Yang, Wenxia Ma "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cisatracurium inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by regulating the expression of miR-3174."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) (2020)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33040777"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33040777"}]}]}]}