MIR331 Gene

HGNC Family Non-coding RNAs
Name microRNA 331
Description microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]
Summary
{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMiR‐331‐3p is emerging as an important regulatory microRNA in cancer biology, where its expression and downstream targets vary by tumor type. In prostate cancer, for example, one study demonstrated that miR‐331‐3p directly targets the ERBB‐2 mRNA 3′‐untranslated region, and its reduced expression is associated with increased ERBB‐2 levels and enhanced PI3K/AKT signaling, suggesting a tumor‐suppressive role."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In contrast, another investigation in the same cancer type reported that forced overexpression of miR‐331‐3p promoted epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by upregulating mesenchymal markers through modulation of TGF‐β/Smad4 signaling."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "2"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In gastric cancer cells, miR‐331‐3p is down‐regulated, and its restoration blocks the G1/S transition by interfering with E2F1 activity, again reflecting its tumor‐suppressive potential."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "3"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In hepatocellular carcinoma, however, higher levels of miR‐331‐3p were correlated with increased proliferation and metastasis. One study identified PHLPP as a novel target whose suppression by miR‐331‐3p results in AKT activation and subsequent epithelial–mesenchymal transition"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "4"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", while another in HBV‐infected HCC demonstrated that HBx enhances miR‐331‐3p expression to target ING5 and promote proliferation."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "5"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In colorectal cancer, miR‐331‐3p is significantly down‐regulated, and overexpression modulates cell growth and apoptosis through negative regulation of HER2."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "6"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nOutside of these oncogenic contexts, miR‐331‐3p participates in a variety of non‐canonical functions. In viral and cardiovascular disease settings, a circRNA (circSIAE) has been shown to bind and sequester miR‐331‐3p to regulate TAOK2 activity and inhibit replication of Coxsackie virus B3"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "7"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ";."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "8"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In pancreatic cancer, miR‐331‐3p is up‐regulated and its activity promotes both cell proliferation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition by targeting the tumor suppressor ST7L."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "9"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Its bioavailability is further controlled by circular RNAs in non–small cell lung cancer, where circ_0001649 acts as a sponge for miR‐331‐3p to modulate cell growth and metastasis."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "10"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In esophageal adenocarcinoma, lower serum levels of miR‐331‐3p correlate with disease recurrence"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "11"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ", and its diagnostic utility is further supported by observations in hepatocellular carcinoma, where serum miR‐331‐3p can serve as a biomarker"}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "12"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "as well as in early detection of myocardial infarction."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "13"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In triple‐negative breast cancer, down‐regulation of miR‐331‐3p is associated with aggressive disease."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "14"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " Moreover, miR‐331‐3p has been implicated in non–tumorigenic processes such as the regulation of ABO blood group antigen expression, where it targets glycosyltransferases and cooperates with SP1 to control antigen levels."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "15"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " In autoimmune pathology, specifically rheumatoid arthritis, the long non‐coding RNA FOXD2‐AS1 exerts its pro–disease activity by sponging miR‐331‐3p, thereby modulating PIAS3 expression and influencing fibroblast–like synoviocyte proliferation and invasion."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "16"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Michael R Epis, Keith M Giles, Andrew Barker, et al. 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Synonyms HSA-MIR-331, MIR-331, MIRN331
NCBI Gene ID 442903
API
Download Associations
Predicted Functions View MIR331's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Co-expressed Genes View MIR331's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.
Expression in Tissues and Cell Lines View MIR331's ARCHS4 Predicted Functions.

Functional Associations

MIR331 has 273 functional associations with biological entities spanning 6 categories (molecular profile, disease, phenotype or trait, functional term, phrase or reference, chemical, cell line, cell type or tissue, gene, protein or microRNA) extracted from 18 datasets.

Click the + buttons to view associations for MIR331 from the datasets below.

If available, associations are ranked by standardized value

Dataset Summary
CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of MIR331 gene relative to other cell lines from the CCLE Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MIR331 gene from the CHEA Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ChEA Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of MIR331 gene in low- or high-throughput transcription factor functional studies from the CHEA Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of MIR331 gene relative to other cell lines from the COSMIC Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
CTD Gene-Disease Associations diseases associated with MIR331 gene/protein from the curated CTD Gene-Disease Associations dataset.
ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at MIR331 gene from the ENCODE Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles transcription factor binding site profiles with transcription factor binding evidence at the promoter of MIR331 gene from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Binding Site Profiles dataset.
ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors binding the promoter of MIR331 gene in ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations biological terms co-occuring with MIR331 gene in literature-supported statements describing functions of genes from the GeneRIF Biological Term Annotations dataset.
GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures PubMedIDs of publications reporting gene signatures containing MIR331 from the GeneSigDB Published Gene Signatures dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations gene perturbations changing expression of MIR331 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Gene Perturbations dataset.
GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules small molecule perturbations changing expression of MIR331 gene from the GEO Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Small Molecules dataset.
GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles tissues with high or low expression of MIR331 gene relative to other tissues from the GTEx Tissue Gene Expression Profiles dataset.
HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations phenotypes associated with MIR331 gene by text-mining GWAS publications from the HuGE Navigator Gene-Phenotype Associations dataset.
JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of MIR331 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the JASPAR Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles cell lines with high or low copy number of MIR331 gene relative to other cell lines from the Klijn et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 2015 Cell Line Gene CNV Profiles dataset.
MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets transcription factors regulating expression of MIR331 gene predicted using known transcription factor binding site motifs from the MotifMap Predicted Transcription Factor Targets dataset.
Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles histone modification site profiles with high histone modification abundance at MIR331 gene from the Roadmap Epigenomics Histone Modification Site Profiles dataset.