{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nMIR371A, most commonly detected as mature miR‐371a‐3p, has emerged as a robust liquid biopsy marker in malignant germ cell tumors—particularly testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). Multiple independent studies have demonstrated that patients with both seminomatous and nonseminomatous tumors display markedly elevated circulating miR‐371a‐3p levels that exceed those of conventional markers such as AFP and hCG. Rapid declines in serum miR‐371a‐3p after orchiectomy or chemotherapy further underscore its utility for real‐time disease monitoring, early detection of relapse, risk stratification during active surveillance, and overall improved clinical management."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "1", "end_ref": "22"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nBeyond its established role as a diagnostic and monitoring tool in TGCTs, MIR371A is increasingly recognized as a multifunctional regulator of cellular behavior. In studies of pluripotent stem cells, expression of the broader miR‐371–3 cluster has been shown to predict neurogenic differentiation potential and influence in vivo engraftment outcomes. Functional experiments in various malignant contexts have revealed that aberrant MIR371A expression—in concert with its cluster counterparts—can modulate proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and even drug tolerance (via targeting key molecules such as PRDX6 and TOB1). In parallel, the identification of an antisense transcript regulating the miR‐371–3 cluster further emphasizes its involvement in complex tumor suppressive networks."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_fs", "start_ref": "23", "end_ref": "29"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nIn addition to its role in malignant germ cell tumors and cellular differentiation, differential MIR371A (as part of the miR‐371–3 cluster) expression has been observed in other tissue contexts. For example, chromosomal rearrangements in thyroid adenomas are accompanied by upregulation of this cluster, suggesting a contributory role in benign neoplasm pathogenesis, while profiling of placental tissues reveals notable interindividual variability in miR‐371–3 levels that may influence prenatal processes. Collectively, these findings underscore the dual promise of MIR371A as an informative biomarker and as a functional mediator of key oncogenic and developmental pathways, warranting further exploration for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "30"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n"}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Ad J M Gillis, Martin A Rijlaarsdam, Ronak Eini, et al. 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