{"type": "root", "children": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nRecent studies investigating the impact of environmental toxins on ovarian granulosa cells have identified miR‑378d as a key regulator in the cellular stress response. In experiments where granulosa cells were exposed to sodium fluoride, miR‑378d expression was upregulated dose dependently. This upregulation was positively correlated with increased apoptosis yet inversely correlated with autophagy, suggesting that miR‑378d may tip the balance toward programmed cell death when intracellular stress is high. Furthermore, miR‑378d modulated estradiol (E2) release in a complex manner by enhancing secretion at lower sodium fluoride concentrations while reducing E2 production at higher concentrations."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "t", "text": "\n\n"}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "\nCollectively, these observations indicate that miR‑378d plays an important role in mediating ovarian granulosa cell function under toxic conditions. By orchestrating both apoptotic and autophagic pathways as well as influencing hormone release, miR‑378d emerges as a promising molecular link in understanding and potentially mitigating fluoride-induced reproductive dysfunction."}, {"type": "fg", "children": [{"type": "fg_f", "ref": "1"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": ""}]}, {"type": "rg", "children": [{"type": "r", "ref": 1, "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Qun Chen, Zhen Li, Zhao Xu, et al. "}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "miR-378d is Involved in the Regulation of Apoptosis and Autophagy of and E"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "sub"}], "href": "sub"}, {"type": "t", "text": "2"}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "/sub"}], "href": "/sub"}, {"type": "t", "text": " Secretion from Cultured Ovarian Granular Cells Treated by Sodium Fluoride."}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " "}, {"type": "i", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "Biol Trace Elem Res (2021)"}]}, {"type": "t", "text": " DOI: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "10.1007/s12011-020-02524-x"}], "href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02524-x"}, {"type": "t", "text": " PMID: "}, {"type": "a", "children": [{"type": "t", "text": "33405077"}], "href": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33405077"}]}]}]}